PERFECTION STUDIES: CONTINUITY•SYMMETRY•HARMONY GOALS.July.2023
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___“…Planckscale physics? We have no idea.”
“We have no good description of Planck scale physics.” – Cumrun Vafa, Harvard*
by Bruce E. Camber

Many ideas; little consensus. My wife Hattie said, “Professor Vafa should go over to MIT to discuss Planck units with Frank Wilczek. He’s got ideas!” Yes, indeed, there are many scholars with ideas about Planck scale physics.¹

One asks, “Shouldn’t we discuss the most-simple first? Isn’t it true that things ‘start simple’ before becoming complex?” In that spirit, I have asked many scholars, “Is Planck Time logically the first unit of time?” To answer that question I returned to studies of the Planck base units which were introduced in 1899 by Max Planck (Nobel laureate, 1918).

Natural units. Max Planck used natural units² to formulate numbers and I generally concur with those who accept these to be the bedrock units of space and time. There is something quite special about natural units. It seems most scholars assume these dimensionless constants are “finite-like” but not quite finite. It might also be said that these numbers are “infinite-like” but not quite infinite.

Boundaries as bridges. Perhaps these units are best understood as a bridge between the finite and infinite. Always dynamic, one might say, “…always involved with a sphere.”

A thing. Logically, an infinitesimal sphere, the most-simple three-dimensional object (two vertices, infinite positions) is the first thing³ to be formulated in the universe. https://81018.com/sphere/

Scale invariant. The circle and its sphere are considered to be scale invariant. All conditions that define both are true no matter how large or small. Yet, when we apply base-2 notation to those Planck base units (a fancy way of saying, “Multiplying by 2”), those Planck base values double with each of the 202 notations. It is also an inventory of the number of infinitesimal spheres (PlanckSpheres) being generated and opens our focus on sphere dynamics.

Sense of time. As a result of doubling Planck Time, there is a sense of a flow of time; yet because every notation builds on the prior and all 202 are always active, there is a continuity-symmetry-and-harmony of time throughout all 202 base-2 notations to open the present time. This mathematics encapsulates everything, everywhere for all time. https://81018.com/chart/

Tredecillion spheres per second. If so, it may well follow that one sphere per unit of Planck Time is rendered. That would generate 18.5 tredecillion spheres per second, initially at very high densities. Logically it could be a cosmological constant that defines the expansion of the universe. https://81018.com/tredecillion/

Perfection. Sphere stacking-and-packing generate basic geometries with no gaps. Initially everything fits perfectly. https://81018.com/ccp/

One second. If taken as a given that all notations are active all the time, within the first second there are just over 143 doublings of these spheres which using base-2 renders 2.78759×10⁴² vertices, and 1.38634×10¹²⁹ vertices using dimensional analysis and scaling laws. That gives the universe a few options every second of its 13.81 billion years.  https://81018.com/chart/#143

Continuity, symmetry, and harmony. Defined by pi(π) these three facets of reality describe both the finite and infinite. Because the three are neither finite nor infinite, we assume these three qualities define aspects of both. To empower a new analysis, all other definitions of infinity are placed on hold. https://81018.com/continuity-symmetry-harmony/#Pi

First fluctuations. At some point the densities are weak enough that geometries with gaps are created. Hypothesized, here are the beginnings of quantum fluctuations. In 1980 while working on a doctorate, I had a sense of these concepts but did not link it to pi, the 202 notations, and geometric gaps. It was easy to ignore the possibilities of a new conceptual orientation based on the inherent perfections within these concepts. https://81018.com/fluctuations/

Light. We experience a very narrow spectrum of light. Scientifically that spectrum is as scale invariant as pi. It’s universal. And, it necessarily has those three facets of infinity. If memory (continuity), shape (relations or symmetries) and textures (harmony) actually transcend being finite, shouldn’t we be teaching our children and each other about continuity, symmetry and harmony, essentially to profoundly respect each other and all things? https://81018.com/ethics/

Diverse and Inclusive. Studies in mathematics and physics currently not on the grid have already defined this domain from the first notation. https://81018.com/functional-analysis/

New beginnings or specious thinking. What are the fallacies? Where are the weaknesses? Unlike big bang cosmology with its inflationary scheme, in this model the universe begins smoothly and readily accounts for observations by the JWST (as well as the Hubble and Planck ESA). The building of stars and galaxies of our universe is immediate. The cosmological constant has a simple logic and calculation. And, continuity-symmetry-harmony are concepts that have been with us for centuries. It reopens the finite-infinite discussions; and, with it comes an accounting for a natural ethics and value. Might there be a place for simple logic to make a comeback?

If so, education will accelerate and golden years will become possible.

More to come…

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Endnotes & Footnotes
There may not be many because all these points already have pages within this website.

*Cumrun Vafa. Vafa is one of the world’s preeminent scholars and most-cited physicists. Having won the Breakthrough Prize with Joe Polchinski and Andrew Strominger in 2017, we are hoping to get some feedback from him. Our page about his work is: https://81018.com/vafa/ There are two videos where Cumrun Vafa talks about his approach to the Planck scale. He asks questions about first principles, “What comes first? Why?” There are natural biases for-and-against certain conceptual frameworks. These build up over a lifetime of study. Also, for centuries now, scholars have been working to limit the influence of infinity such that the studies of infinity have also become limited such that the qualities of infinity that could inform our understanding of the finite get limited, too.

This discussion is so important, it will first become part of our analysis of the more recent work by Cumrun Vafa, then it will become its own special homepage.

Two statements, one by an AI bot called, Sage, and the other a graduate student from Cyprus echo Cumrun Vafa’s comments about Planck scale physics:

At the Planck scale, both physics and theory break down. The Planck scale is the smallest scale at which our current understanding of physics and theory can be applied. At this scale, the rules of quantum mechanics and general relativity, which form the basis of our current understanding of the universe, no longer apply. This is because the Planck scale is many orders of magnitude smaller than the scale at which we can currently make measurements, and our current understanding of physics and theory is not able to explain the phenomena that occur at this scale. – by Sage, an AI bot

What breaks down at the Planck scale are our existing established theories.

In General Relativity, for example, when we try to fully describe a black hole, we find that the theory predicts a physical singularity (the spacetime curvature becomes infinite) at the center. There is no true infinity in Nature… – Adam Lantos,  Limassol, Cyprus

[1] There are now many ideas. It has, however, been a very slow curve for adoption:

• C. Alden Mead (UMinn) In 1959 he began his struggle to publish his work about the Planck Length. Though finally published in 1964, the article, Possible Connection Between Gravitation and Fundamental Length Phys. Rev. 135, B849 (10 August 1964), was ignored by the scholarly community. Planck Length commanded no respect as a fundamental unit of length.
• John Barrow (1982): With an extraordinary depth and range of scholarship, and a sensitivity to young students, my first letter to John Barrow in 2013 was an earnest request for help, “What do we do with these numbers?” He never commented about my naive attempt to shoehorn everything-everywhere-for all time into 202 notations. Barrow died on September 26, 2020. See: Natural Units Before Planck, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 24, P. 24, 1983
• Thanu Padmanabhan: His 1985 article — Physical significance of planck length (PDF) — captured my attention. His nonperturbative approach produced a quantum cosmological model free from singularities and the horizon problem. I was very surprised and gratified to see that his article was published so early in his career. He was just 28 years old (born March 10, 1957). Yet, with guidance from India’s renown astrophysicist, Jayant Vishnu Narlikar, he becam a most prodigious scholar.
•  John Archibald Wheeler, Physics at the Planck Length, International Journal of Modern Physics A, Vol. 08, No. 23, pp. 4013-4018 (1993).
• Joseph Polchinski.  Quantum gravity at the planck scale, 1998 Polchinski
• Frank Wilczek (2001) became a Nobel Laureate in 2004, yet he continued his wide-eye, open and enthusiastic approach to the unknowns within life. He was one of the first of those within his caliber who encouraged our explorations. His three articles about Planck units truly opened the door for the rest of us.
• As of July 2023, there are 2632 articles just within ArXiv that explore “Planck scale physics.” There are anywhere from 50,000 to 70,000 using a browser’s search engine (results vary widely).

It is hypothesized that the dimensionless constants define the bridge between the finite and infinite.

[2] Natural units. There has been a concerted effort by many scholars to define dimensionless and fundamental physical constants. Long before George Johnstone Stoney and Max Planck worked to discern natural units, scholars have tried to discern the most basic units that define reality throughout all time. In the 1800s that effort became an international collaboration and by 1992, it became a global standard, ISO-31, defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Within that framework, in 2016, Peter J. Mohr, David B. Newell, and Barry N. Taylor published “CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants” in the Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data.

Discussions about the necessary dimensionless constants needed to construct the universe are helpful. In 2005 the work of Frank Wilczek, Anthony Aguirre, Martin Rees, and Max Tegmark emerged; they thought 31 physical constants would be required to start the universe. A bit later in 2011 John Baez wrote How Many Fundamental Constants Are There? and assumed 26! The simple question is then asked, “From where do those 26 or 31 originate?” and the answer is, “Deep within pi on a bridge between the finite and the infinite.”

[3] The First Thing – An Infinitesimal Sphere. Perhaps one of the most straightforward assumptions is that the sphere is very first thing to manifest in space-time and to create space-time. The formula is:  (x – a)² + (y – b)² + (z – c)² = r² whereby a, b, c represents the center of the sphere, r represents the radius.

As in the treatise by Martin Heidegger, What is a thing? (PDF) (Gendlin Analysis), defining the first thing is not trivial.

[4] More to come…

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References & Resources
As these references are studied, key references and resources will be added.

Planck scale physics: Multi-scale hierarchy from multidimensional gravity (PDF),Kirill A. Bronnikov, Arkady A. Popov, Sergey G. Rubin, 6 Jul 2023

First-known documentation about the space for Quantum fluctuations.
Frank, F. C.; Kasper, J. S. (1958), “Complex alloy structures regarded as sphere packings. I. Definitions and basic principles”, Acta Crystall. 11. and Frank, F. C.; Kasper, J. S. (1959), and “Complex alloy structures regarded as sphere packings. II. Analysis and classification of representative structures”, Acta Crystall. 12. More recently, this construct has been analyzed by the following:
(1) “A model metal potential exhibiting polytetrahedral clusters” by Jonathan P. K. Doye, University Chemical Laboratory, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, J. Chem. Phys. 119, 1136 (2003) The compete article is also available at ArXiv.org as a PDF: http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0301374‎
(2) “Mysteries in Packing Regular Tetrahedra” Jeffrey C. Lagarias and Chuanming Zong, a focused look at the history. To download: http://www.ams.org/notices/201211/rtx121101540p.pdf

More to come…

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Emails
There will be emails to many of our scholars about key points.

6:34 AM, 20 July 2023, Cumrun Vafa, Cambridge (Harvard)
7 AM, 18 July 2023, Andrew Strominger, Cambridge (Harvard)
8 PM, Tues, July 11, 2023, Isabel Garcia-Garcia, Princeton (IAS)
5:22 PM, Mon, July 10, 2023, Ed Witten, Princeton (IAS)
1:08 PM, July 6, 2023, Michio Kaku, NYC
11 AM, July 6, 2023, Andrei Linde, Stanford
3:11 PM, Wednesday, July 5, 2023, Jae-Wen Lee, Korea
4:01 PM, 4 July 2023, Ignatios Antoniadis, Greece / Paris
10:14 PM, Monday, July 3, 2023, Markus Ahlers, Copenhagen
7:23 PM, Saturday, July 1, 2023, Eric Westhof, Paris

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IM
There will also be many instant messages to thought leaders about these key points.

To come…

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Participate
You are always invited.

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Keys to this page, facts-guesses

• This page became a homepage on July 20, 2023.
• The last update was July 27, 2023.
• This page was initiated on June 28, 2023.
• The URL for this file is https://81018.com/facts-guesses/
• The headline for this article: “…Planckscale physics? We have no idea.”
• First teaser is: Facts & guesses about planckscale physics.

*Or, wicket, kicker or eyebrow.

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