PERFECTION STUDIES: CONTINUITY•SYMMETRY•HARMONY GOALS 10-11 October 2025
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The first second of the universe
By Bruce E. Camber (a rough working draft)
Abstract:
The first second of the universe has not been satisfactorily defined; there is so little concurrence among scholars, a toy model* is proposed. Eight most-basic, mathematical concepts are used to define “playful” first-principles for the emergence of the universe:
[1] First Sphere Manifests. A simple-but-potentially-complex, infinitesimal sphere, is proposed as the first thing to manifest in the physical universe as the numbers that define the first moment of space-time. The inherent equations become the Planck base units (or equivalents) with the speed of light (c), the gravitational constant (G) and the reduced Planck constant (ℏ), and, of course, pi (π).
[2] First Actions. Infinitesimal spheres, spinning-stacking-packing, their centers naturally relate, creating the first tetrahedron, and then the octahedron as the geometry of first moment of time.
[3] Planck’s base units (or their equivalent) further define the first moment of space-time and also matter-energy, and gravity-electromagnetism.
[4] Complexities of the first moment. Four hexagonal plates, intrinsically defined within every octahedron, appear to be the initial finite-infinite mechanism.
[5] 18.5 tredecillion spheres per second. If one Planck Sphere is created or generated per unit of PlanckTime, there are 18.5×1043 Planck Spheres per second (18.5 tredecillion) which ultimately converts to 71 km/s/Mpc. Within the first notations, it is hypothesized that the spheres are coming so fast and so dense, there is no time or room for imperfection and tetrahedrons and octahedrons perfectly fill space. We might call this a domain of perfection.
[6] 202 notations make the universe. The universe is parsed in 202 notations (sometimes known as clusters, domains, doublings, groups, layers, platforms, ratios, sets, steps). The first chart of 202 notations was introduced on 19 December 2011 in a high school geometry class.
[7] Pi (π) shapes our universe. Pi (π) reveals the continuity, symmetry, and harmony of infinity. The other primary irrational numbers, reveal other aspects of continuity, symmetry and harmony.
[8] Quantum Fluctuations. Five tetrahedrons share a common edge to create a 7.358+ degree gap and five octahedrons sharing an edge create the same 7.358+ degree gap. In this toy model these gaps are the beginning of quantum fluctuations.
Introductions
Clocks and watches. Isn’t something fundamentally wrong with our understanding of first principles? Religions have given us plenty of first principles that become laws, yet never have these been so compelling to hold us back from killing each other and from all forms of debauchery. Science was suppose to change that, to reach across all religions, space-and-time, and be compelling. While many were involved with the creating the foundations of science, Isaac Newton was among its leading thinkers. He gave us our commonsense understanding of space and time, made them absolute, and by doing so, corrupted the very foundations of science and confused billions of people who unwittingly adopted his notions. We have clocks and watches to reinforce that belief system. Changing it will be difficult.
Perhaps this toy model will help.
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Discussion
*Toy Models. Just recently, I realized that the entire website is one big toy model. It is a focus on part of the problem — “How did the universe start?” — and breaks it down into the steps that provide people (and AI) with a way to analyze the data and the concepts without the weight the entire history, especially the big bang theory. It allows for a certain playful respite from the generally accepted theories.
[1] Spheres. From our first speculative analyses in 2016, pi (π) and the sphere quickly became our #1 focus. In the 2019 analysis, pi (π) had grown in stature and diversity. After 25 years of questions, on 4 March 2025, a geometry jumped out that involved pi (π) and appeared to be the primary relation between the finite and infinite and the means by which all four primary irrational numbers are applied within the finite-infinite relation.
In this toy model, how much of these formulations take place “on the bridge” between the finite-and-infinite is anybody’s guess. It certainly seems that a good part of it is Janus-faced and is on and off the bridge constantly.
It also seemed as if the first particle just had to be a sphere. It met Archimedes definition of a sphere. And, it met our definition of a particle. Even though it is too small to be measured, it defines a moment of space-time. Within our schema, it was the domain of forms and we start with automorphic forms. At the same time, it was considered to be hypostatic.
[2] Spinning, stacking, packing. Most spheres that we readily observe are related to sports —baseballs, soccer balls, basketballs, golf balls, and so on. On occasion we will observe things like marbles and bollard spheres. Of the earth’s population, only a small fraction considers rotating earth, the moon and the sun. A fraction consider the rotations of planets, the core of planets, stars, the core of stars, and galaxies and the core of galaxies.
To grasp the essence of the first manifestation of that which first defines our universe, we are asking you to consider an infinitesimal sphere defined by Planck’s natural units, spinning very fast, possibly beyond all possible imagination.
A “spin record” was first set in 2013 at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland at 10 million revolutions per second (or 600 million revolutions per minute (rpm) by Professor Kishan Dholakia, Dr Yoshihiko Arita and Dr Michael Mazilu. In 2020 Tongcang Li of Purdue broke that record at 300 billion revolutions per minute. Today, in nature, the neutron star, PSR J1748-2446, is the fastest spinning celestial object in the universe. The star rotates 716 times every second.
So, with this article, we begin to contemplate what is coming out of an octahedron with a natural spin state, knowing what is possible in the laboratory and what appears to be the fastest in nature. Answers? We are seeking them in an unusual place and it will take a few years to incubate and begin to understand this at a higher level. Today, we know structures emerge. Simple logic tells us that it is all very simple at first. We will also be looking further at the nine disciplines not on our general scientific grid, but surely within the first 64 notations of our 202 step grid. Some of these are studies of infinitesimal spin states. Notations 10-20 may be the earliest structures (ousia) and string theories approximate these developments. 20-30 may be the earliest substances whereby causal set theory, causal dynamical triangulation, supersymmetries, and loop quantum gravity engage. Notations 30-40 may be an extension of these studies and the emergence of qualities. Then, notations 40-50 should extend these studies further so relations are formed, first within the particular study and then between studies. Notations 50-60 further should extend these studies to become eidetic field (systems) theories and hypothetical particles of every flavor and color emerge. The spectral standard model opens.
These are domains of perfection, the archetypal and the iconic. Even up to the first second of creation within Notation-143, there is no precedence or time for gaps and noise and imperfections. Scientifically, we know today we are measuring fluctuations within Notation-67, and maybe Notation-66. We discovered these ranges in 2013 when we were trying to reduce our five foot chart to an 8.5×11 inch desktop model.
[3] Planck’s base units. These units were little studied until in 2001 Frank Wilczek wrote three articles, Scaling Mt. Planck, for Physics Today. Wilczek says that he lifted the Planck units out of numerology, yet respectability would be slow to come. By 2025, the general scientific community knows about them, but little more. The best among our top physicists still question their place. As a science, even though projected in 1899, we do not have a deep history with Planck’s units. Some still discount it as “Numerology.”
Our work simplifies our models of the universe. These numbers have simple geometry (tetrahedrons and octahedrons). They have complex geometries with the irrationals, especially Euler (numbers). That they are self-checking is still being studied.
[4] Finite-infinite mechanism. A postulation to be sure, follows a long list of similar projections. We will aggregate them to see what it can tell us. Our geometry connects the infinite numbers to the four primary irrational numbers. We believe that this introduction of this geometry is a first. All four of these numbers are never-ending, never-repeating. We calculate the numbers within the finite, but the numbers are generated from the infinite. The numbers tell us about continuity-symmetry-harmony, qualities of the infinite.
[5] Tredecillion spheres per second. On 2nd October 2025 at 11 AM, Grok made a calculation that has stopped us to double check those numbers with other AI-driven search engines like ChatGPT. Essentially a toy model, Grok commented that when converted to kilometers per second per megaparsec, the units (using the Hubble constant – H0) that yields “…approximately 71 km/s/Mpc—remarkably close to observed values from supernovae measurements (~73 km/s/Mpc).”
Google AI states, “The Hubble Tension is one of the most pressing issues in modern astrophysics. Its resolution will likely lead to a major breakthrough in our understanding of the universe.” Grok’s conversion or ChatGPT’s toy model is ad hoc, but logical. In standard cosmology, expansion is described by the scale factor in General Relativity and the Friedmann equations, yet what defines fundamentality? Notwithstanding, surely general science has a long way to go before the counting of hypothetical “Planck Spheres” can be justified.
We would naturally turn to our finite-infinite mechanism to see how it might resonate with the math and the geometries to justify it as more fundamental than GR and FLRW.
[6] 202 notations to make the universe. The longstanding first major simple calculation that opened our minds to rethinking space-time, it is usually the first in our lists. That it has been pushed down to #6 is the result of 14 years to reflect on its meaning and value. Our next task is to explore in what ways each doubling is also, at times, a cluster, domain, group, layer, platform, ratio, set, or step.
Cluster, domain, group, layer, platform, ratio, set, or step (here we are in October 2025, wrestling with these issues right here!) To be continued...
[7] Pi (π) shapes our universe. Continuity, symmetry, and harmony is on the top of every homepage, yet these facets of the sphere were slow to be identified with the facets of infinity. Now with the additional facets of e–√2–φ of the other three primary irrational numbers. This is where we are today. We are inviting scientific and philosophic societies to investigate.
[8] Quantum Fluctuations. The scientific community perhaps will have the most difficulty with our correlation between geometric gaps in basic geometries and quantum fluctuations. Quantum physics, as a discipline and as is, has been validated over and over again. To tie it down to gap geometries might seem to trivialize it. It doesn’t; it adds dimensionalities and textures.
Conclusions.
“Everybody wants a better theory; nobody wants to pay the price.” The earliest confirmed use of the term “Beyond the Standard Model” (BSM) in scientific literature is an article from 1974. By 2025 most every physicist and cosmologist has been schooled in the weakness of the Standard Models and the need for “going BSM.” Here we pool the Standard Model for Particle Physics and the Standard Model for Cosmology; both are incomplete. New concepts are few. And, progress is slow. Everybody is concerned with their reputation. Scholars are concerned about being labeled a quack or a fringe scientist. The scientific community can be hard and judgmental. The result — creativity is discouraged.
That stops here. First, we have no reputation to protect. Second, we’ve asked over 500 scholars for feedback on this series of concepts. Very few responded. One word answers, such as “Idiosyncratic!” “Numerology!” doesn’t carry a discussion very far. Our work has been impossibly slow. Each of the eight points have been inspected and questioned ad nauseam. It was not until 2025 that AI finally began giving us some constructive help. Yet, even with AI systems, caution must be taken.
Yet, it is alright to risk a little.
More to come….
—
[1] Spheres: Retrieved: 29 September 2025 – a) https://81018.com/sphere/
Aslo: Retrieved: 29 September 2025 – b) https://81018.com/spheres/
[2} CCP: Retrieved on 6 October 2025 – https://81018.com/ccp/
[3] Max Planck Base Units: Retrieved: 29 September 2025, https://81018.com/202-1/
[4] Finite Infinite mechanism: Retrieved on 6 October 2025 – https:81018.com/ross/
[5] Tredecillion sphere per second: Retrieved 29 September 2025 – https://81018.com/tredecillion/
[6] 202 notations make the universe: Retrieved 29 September 2025 – https:81018.com/big-board/ Also: Retrieved: 29 September 2025- https://81018.com/home/
[7] Pi (π) shapes our universe: Retrieved: 29 September 2025 – https://81018.com/csh/
[8a] Quantum Fluctuations: Retrieved 29 September 2025: Aristotle’s Gap – https://81018.com/aristotle-gap/
[8b] Quantum Fluctuations: Retrieved 29 September 2025: Tetrahedral gap – https://81018.com/gap/
[8c] Quantum Fluctuations: Retrieved 29 Sept. 2025: Octahedral gap – https://81018.com/15-2/
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Resources & Readings (still a little rough)
More coming soon…
[1] Warped Passages, Lisa Randall, Harper, 2005, is the first successful book on theoretical physics by a female author, Randall was summarized in Wikipedia, claims its about physics and the multi-dimensional universe. I have the book open on my right. When our television series, Small Business School (on PBS-TV and the Voice of America nine global satellites,) was winding down, I contacted her about doing a special production based on the book. It’s been on my shelf for ten years. Lisa presented at PASCOs. More coming…
[2] The Key Characteristics Cubic-close Packing. First, each sphere is surrounded by and touches 12 other spheres. There are two types of gaps between the spheres: a larger octahedral hole and two smaller tetrahedral holes. We turn to Thomas Hales, 1998 “An overview of the Kepler conjecture”, arXiv:math/9811071v2
[3] Max Planck units: Frank Wilczek’s work for Physics Today has become a classic; three articles called “Scaling Mt. Planck I, II, and III.” And given the importance gravity within Einstein’s general relativity, the Misner–Thorne–Wheeler 1973 book, Gravitation, is the classic. It is quite astonishing that in over 100 years, nobody had proposed a base-2 look at the universe. I think our page — https://81018.com/202-1/ — does!
[4] Finite Infinite mechanism: A finite-infinite bridge is not a new idea. We’ve been touting such a thing for long enough, Google’s AI gave that work top billing within search. To date, and part of our toy models for the first moment of the universe and the finite-infinite connection, is the mathematics of irrational numbers. Here is the definition of the infinite. Here is the primary irrational numbers become stabilizers of infinitesimal spheres as they are created. The math and geometry works hand-and-glove.There are no books, no published articles, just a few webpages: https:81018.com/ross
[5] Tredecillion sphere per second. Using American jargon for the calculation, 18.5×1043 Planck Spheres per second, we are making tredecillion popular. There is not yet any substantial literature to read.
[6] 202 notations make the universe: There are no books and no peer-reviewed articles regarding these 202 base-2 notations.
[7] Continuity-Symmetry-Harmony. The never-ending faces of infinity expressed as numbers within the finite. Please use this page: https://81018.com/csh/ Let’s build on it.
[8] Gerardus ‘t Hooft, one of physics most-awarded scholars shook the industry to it core in April 2025 by giving the publication, Scientific American, permission to quote him saying, “Quantum mechanics is nonsense.” He is only sure that symmetry and symmetry groups have something to do with the start of the universe. We’ve wanted to ask this most-distinguished Nobel Laureate and Breakthrough Prize winner, “What do you know about Aristotle’s Gap? What do you know of the tetrahedral gap? … the octahedral gap?
Most scholars know very little about gap technology. There is very limited scholarship. The most recent article came out in 2012 and those two authors relied heavily on an article published in 1926 in Dutch by an MIT mathematician, Dirk Struik. Prior to that we jump back to the 1450s and prior to that we jump back to Aristotle!
2025 Many more to come....
October-November, Hubble Tension scholars: István Szapudi from the University of Hawaiʻi, Caroline Harper, (head of the UK Space Agency’s space science programme, author of Unseen Universe), Joe Rag @ragcas; Ljiljana Grudenic@LjiljanaGruden2; CosmoVerse — Vivian Poulin (CERN), Amanda Weltman (CV); CosmoVerse — Hundreds of Hubble Tension scholars
9 Oct., Jan Myrheim, Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Trondheim, Norway
7 Oct., Jan Ambjørn, The Niels Bohr Institute (NBI), Copenhagen University, Denmark
7 Oct., Francesca Vidotto, The Rotman Institute of Philosophy, Western University, London, Ontario
7 Oct., Eriko Hironaka, Harvard, Cambridge, MA
6 Oct., Adam Riess, STSI, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
6 Oct., Thomas C. Hales, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
6 Oct., Jackson Levi Said, University of Malta, Malta
5 Oct., Eleanora di Valentino, The University of Sheffield, England UK
4 Oct., Antonio Zichichi, Ettore Majorana Centre, Centre of Scientific Culture, Erice, Italy
3 Oct.,Natalie M. Paquette, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington,
3 Oct., Maryna Viazovska, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
2 Oct., John Baez, University of California, Riverside, CA USA
2 Oct., Elena Deza, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
2 Oct., Andronikos Paliathanasis, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
2 Oct., Christopher J. Isham, Imperial College London, London, England, UK
2 October, Nima Arkani-Hamed, Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Princeton, NJ
(prior)
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IM Working on it…
@ShiningScience Can we do a toy model of the Hubble Tension? First, use a geometrical and mathematical calculation using base-2 exponentiation. Using perfectly embedded geometries of the tetrahedron and octahedron — https://81018.com/tot-2/ — we have just 202 sizes of geometries from Planck Length to the size of the universe. The same 202 notations in numbers from Planck Time to the Age of the Universe: https://81018.com/chart/ These were calculated in 2011 and 2014. We realized an expansion rate could be calculated by assuming one Planck Sphere per unit of Planck Time & Planck Length: https://81018.com/tredecillion/ A toy model that number of infinitesimal spheres being generated — 1.85 × 10^43 spheres per second. In the popular jargon, that is 18.5 tredecillion Planck Spheres/second. Last week both Grok — https://81018.com/hubble-constant/ — ChatGPT — https://81018.com/toy-model-derivation-of-the-hubble-constant/ — did a toy model calculation to see what such a rate would look like for the Hubble Constant. They both arrived at ≈ 71 km/s/Mpc which, of course, is close to the supernovae measurements (~73 km/s/Mpc) — https://81018.com/5-sigma/. We are tightening up those numbers with another interesting calculation, our expansion of the never-ending, never-repeating numbers of pi (π) with the intrinsic hexagonal plates of every octahedron with the four primary irrational numbers — https://81018.com/planck-polyhedral-core/
Now, is our km/s/Mpc calculation “just” coincidental? How would you go about instantiating meaning to it? Thanks.
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Critique Click here to submit your comments, ideas, and thoughts.
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• This page became the homepage on 5 October 2025.
• The last update was 9 October 2025.
• This page was initiated on 29 September 2025.
• The URL for this file is https://81018.com/assume/
• 1st headline: Assume these statements are true. Simple logic, our universe emerges.
• Current headline: Toy Model: See how our universe emerges
• First sub-headline: The first second of time.
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