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Naming Infinitesimal Time Sequences
from the Yoctosecond (10−24) to Plancksecond (10−44)
Introduction: The international agencies responsible for standards definitions is important if we are to communicate across national boundaries. The names and purposes of organizations that we follow are listed here:
CODATA: Committee On Data of the International Science Council (ISC). Carroll, Mons, etc
BIPM: International Bureau of Weights and Measures Correspondence
ISO: International Organization for Standardization Correspondence
NIST: National Institute for Standards and Technology (USA) Correspondence
NPL: National Physical Laboratories (UK) Correspondence
Background: At the time of the first iteration of this article, the naming of time sequences by NIST, CODATA, ISO, BIPM, NPL and others had not progressed beyond the yoctosecond (10−24). The zeptosecond (10−21) and attosecond (10−18) are increasingly used in the scientific and academic journals. More and more work is being done with the Planck base units. Increasingly the time sequence at Planck Time is being referred to as a Plancksecond. It seems appropriate, but it has not been formally sanctioned by the international naming commission known as CODATA, the Committee on Data.
Max Planck opened an infinitesimally small universe for us. The 10−42 group includes the calculation for Planck Time which is at 10−44 seconds so naturally there are now many who have referred to it as the Plancksecond. In January 2021, there are over 12 million references to PlanckSecond (Planck Second) within Google Search (in February 2023, there are over 38 million).
The academy, including all the scientists and scholars who are responsible for the scientific names of things, has not yet formally named anything smaller than the yoctosecond (see page 3, Table 3). One can imagine that our experts had concluded, “There is nothing to be discovered that is smaller.” That may well be true, yet the mathematics of causal set theory, causal dynamical triangulations (CDT), string theory, Langlands programs, and current base-2 research use those ranges every day. So, there are four groups of numbers that await a formal name: 10−33, 10−36, 10−39 and 10−42 group (which includes 10−44 and the Plancksecond).
In October 2020 a formal request was made of Bonnie Carroll, the General Secretary of CODATA. In January 2021, a formal request was made of the president, Barend Mons. Then later, requests were also made with the International Standards Organization (ISO) and its general secretary and with BIPM and their leadership in 2022.
BIPM at their meeting from 15-18 November 2022 in Paris, the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) of the International Commission of Weights and Measures (BIPM) adopted Resolution 3 making it a globally accepted name for the range 10−30 to 10−32 of the infinitesimal scale of time.
With this quick update, the most recent request was made of CODATA and their Executive Director, Dr. Simon Hodson, pointed me in the right direction, back over to BIPM.
Nanosecond to Plancksecond (Planck Time)
Nanosecond to Plancksecond (Planck Time)
Nanosecond (10-9): One billionth of a second
A long, long way from the Nanosecond to the Plancksecond. Our mathematically-defined chart of the universe captures the nanosecond within Notation-114 at 1.1197×10-9 seconds. Notation-115 is 2.2395×10-9 seconds, Notation-116 is 4.479×10-9 seconds, and Notation-117 is 8.958×10-9 seconds.
That encompasses the first four groups of nanoseconds of the universe. The related length scale is in the domain of archetypes in which most of life takes shape. Here time is dynamic right back to the first instant. Each notation defines the look and feel of the universe within that notation.
Wouldn’t you think that our entire universe shares this moment in time? If it is true for the first 116 notations, it stands to reason that it may well be true for the next 86 notations.
A nanosecond is equal to 1000 Picoseconds. The Picosecond (10-12) is followed by the Femtosecond (10-15), the Attosecond (10-18) and the Zeptosecond (10-21).
The accuracy of time determination. The greatest accuracy achieved to date, the zeptosecond, was achieved in 2016 by a collaboration of three groups: Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (MPQ) in Garching, Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) of Munich. They captured the timescale of photoionization. They were the first to make such a short determination of a unit of time. That followed their earlier work to establish the attosecond under the MPQ leadership of Ferenc Krausz and Vladislav Yakovlev.
The measurement of the Zeptoscond, just one sextillionth of a second — that’s a trillionth of a billionth of a second — is work led by a laser physicist, Martin Schultze. It is truly a measurement by devices, not just a mathematical calculation, and Schultze steps us back to somewhere in between Notation-74 and Notation-77 within our horizontally-scrolled chart.
On to Planck Time. As fast as it is, that zeptoscond is still rather slow when compared to 10−44 seconds given within Planck Time. The Yoctosecond (10−24), just one septillionth of a second, within our chart, the Yoctosecond ranges from Notations 64-to-67.
Standards authorizations move relatively slowly.
Prior to this activity, International System of Units (SI) categories were added in 1991. It may well be time to call them back together again. They need to name those next four new groups: 10−33, 10−36, 10−39, and 10−42 seconds. Planck Time at 5.391 16(13)×10-44 seconds is within the 10−42 seconds expansion. It could be named a Plancksecond or PlanckSecond. To date, that combination of words has only been used casually to refer to an extremely short period of time.
For more: https://81018.com/the-firsts/