Constraint classes in discrete geometric growth models

Figure 1. All seven expansion regimes on linear scale (left) and log scale (right). The grey dashed line is the Class I exponential baseline (ε = 0). Each colored trajectory corresponds to one constraint class and one expansion regime as defined in Table 1. On the log scale, exponential growth appears as a straight line; near-exponential curves slightly below it; reduced exponential runs parallel at a lower slope; polynomial growth curves upward slowly; saturating trajectories flatten to a horizontal asymptote; oscillatory trajectories alternate above and below a mean; and stochastic trajectories show ensemble spread around a mean.

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