Wikipedia’s mathematical and physical constants

We’ve linked back to the major articles in Wikipedia on Mathematical constants and Physical Constants. Both articles give much more detail. However, it is important that we all become increasingly familiar with all these constants. These constants will help us through the extraordinary maze of functional dependencies within these and other disciplines as we further define the first 64 notations.

Mathematical constants

{\displaystyle \pi } — Approximately 81 constants

{\displaystyle \tau } — Approximately 81 constants

Name	Symbol	Decimal expansion	Formula	Year	Set
One	1	1		Prehistory	N
Two	2	2		Prehistory	N
One half	1/2	0.5		Prehistory	Q
Pi	π $\pi$	3.14159 26535 89793 23846 ^{[Mw 1]}^{[OEIS 1]}	Ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter.	1900 to 1600 BCE ^[2]	R∖A
Tau	τ $\tau$	6.28318 53071 79586 47692^[3]^{[OEIS 2]}	Ratio of a circle’s circumference to its radius. Equivalent to 2π $2\pi$	1900 to 1600 BCE ^[2]	R∖A
Square root of 2,Pythagoras constant.^[4]	2 ${\sqrt {2}}$	1.41421 35623 73095 04880 ^{[Mw 2]}^{[OEIS 3]}	Positive root of x2=2 $x^{2}=2$	1800 to 1600 BCE^[5]	A
Square root of 3,Theodorus’ constant^[6]	3 ${\sqrt {3}}$	1.73205 08075 68877 29352 ^{[Mw 3]}^{[OEIS 4]}	Positive root of x2=3 $x^{2}=3$	465 to 398 BCE	A
Square root of 5^[7]	5 ${\sqrt {5}}$	2.23606 79774 99789 69640 ^{[OEIS 5]}	Positive root of x2=5 $x^{2}=5$		A
Phi, Golden ratio^[8]	φ $\varphi$ or ϕ $\phi$	1.61803 39887 49894 84820 ^{[Mw 4]}^{[OEIS 6]}	1+52 ${\frac {1+{\sqrt {5}}}{2}}$	~300 BCE	A
Silver ratio^[9]	δS $\delta _{S}$	2.41421 35623 73095 04880 ^{[Mw 5]}^{[OEIS 7]}	2+1 ${\sqrt {2}}+1$	~300 BCE	A
Zero	0	0		300 to 100 BCE^[10]	Z
Negative one	−1	−1		300 to 200 BCE	Z
Cube root of 2	23 ${\sqrt[{3}]{2}}$	1.25992 10498 94873 16476 ^{[Mw 6]}^{[OEIS 8]}	Real root of x3=2 $x^{3}=2$	46 to 120 CE^[11]	A
Cube root of 3	33 ${\sqrt[{3}]{3}}$	1.44224 95703 07408 38232 ^{[OEIS 9]}	Real root of x3=3 $x^{3}=3$		A
Twelfth root of 2^[12]	212 ${\sqrt[{12}]{2}}$	1.05946 30943 59295 26456 ^{[OEIS 10]}	Real root of x12=2 $x^{12}=2$		A
Supergolden ratio^[13]	ψ $\psi$	1.46557 12318 76768 02665 ^{[OEIS 11]}	${\frac {1+{\sqrt[{3}]{\frac {29+3{\sqrt {93}}}{2}}}+{\sqrt[{3}]{\frac {29-3{\sqrt {93}}}{2}}}}{3}}$ Real root of $x^{3}=x^{2}+1$		A
Imaginary unit^[14]	i $i$	0 + 1i	Principal root of x2=−1 $x^{2}=-1$ ^{[nb 1]}	1501 to 1576	C
Connective constant for the hexagonal lattice^[15]^[16]	μ $\mu$	1.84775 90650 22573 51225 ^{[Mw 7]}^{[OEIS 12]}	2+2 ${\sqrt {2+{\sqrt {2}}}}$ , as a root of the polynomial $x^{4}-4x^{2}+2=0$	1593^{[OEIS 12]}	A
Kepler–Bouwkamp constant^[17]	K′ $K'$	0.11494 20448 53296 20070 ^{[Mw 8]}^{[OEIS 13]}	$\prod _{n=3}^{\infty }\cos \left({\frac {\pi }{n}}\right)=\cos \left({\frac {\pi }{3}}\right)\cos \left({\frac {\pi }{4}}\right)\cos \left({\frac {\pi }{5}}\right)...$	1596^{[OEIS 13]}
Wallis‘s constant		2.09455 14815 42326 59148 ^{[Mw 9]}^{[OEIS 14]}	45−1929183+45+1929183 ${\sqrt[{3}]{\frac {45-{\sqrt {1929}}}{18}}}+{\sqrt[{3}]{\frac {45+{\sqrt {1929}}}{18}}}$ Real root of x3−2x−5=0 $x^{3}-2x-5=0$	1616 to 1703	A
Euler’s number^[18]	e $e$	2.71828 18284 59045 23536 ^{[Mw 10]}^{[OEIS 15]}	$\lim _{n\to \infty }\left(1+{\frac {1}{n}}\right)^{n}=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{n!}}=1+{\frac {1}{1!}}+{\frac {1}{2!}}+{\frac {1}{3!}}\cdots$	1618^[19]	R∖A
Natural logarithm of 2^[20]	ln⁡2 $\ln 2$	0.69314 71805 59945 30941 ^{[Mw 11]}^{[OEIS 16]}	$\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{n+1}}{n}}={\frac {1}{1}}-{\frac {1}{2}}+{\frac {1}{3}}-{\frac {1}{4}}+\cdots$	1619^[21] & 1668^[22]	R∖A
Lemniscate constant^[23]	ϖ $\varpi$	2.62205 75542 92119 81046 ^{[Mw 12]}^{[OEIS 17]}	$\pi \,{G}=4{\sqrt {\tfrac {2}{\pi }}}\,\Gamma {\left({\tfrac {5}{4}}\right)^{2}}={\tfrac {1}{4}}{\sqrt {\tfrac {2}{\pi }}}\,\Gamma {\left({\tfrac {1}{4}}\right)^{2}}$ where G is Gauss’s constant	1718 to 1798	R∖A
Euler’s constant	γ $\gamma$	0.57721 56649 01532 86060 ^{[Mw 13]}^{[OEIS 18]}	$\lim _{n\to \infty }\left(-\log n+\sum _{k=1}^{n}{\frac {1}{k}}\right)=\int _{1}^{\infty }\left(-{\frac {1}{x}}+{\frac {1}{\lfloor x\rfloor }}\right)\,dx$	1735
Erdős–Borwein constant^[24]	E $E$	1.60669 51524 15291 76378 ^{[Mw 14]}^{[OEIS 19]}	$\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{2^{n}-1}}={\frac {1}{1}}\!+\!{\frac {1}{3}}\!+\!{\frac {1}{7}}\!+\!{\frac {1}{15}}\!+\!\cdots$	1749^[25]	R∖Q
Omega constant	Ω $\Omega$	0.56714 32904 09783 87299 ^{[Mw 15]}^{[OEIS 20]}	$W(1)={\frac {1}{\pi }}\int _{0}^{\pi }\log \left(1+{\frac {\sin t}{t}}e^{t\cot t}\right)dt$ where W is the Lambert W function	1758 & 1783	R∖A
Apéry’s constant^[26]	ζ(3) $\zeta (3)$	1.20205 69031 59594 28539 ^{[Mw 16]}^{[OEIS 21]}	$\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{n^{3}}}={\frac {1}{1^{3}}}+{\frac {1}{2^{3}}}+{\frac {1}{3^{3}}}+{\frac {1}{4^{3}}}+{\frac {1}{5^{3}}}+\cdots$	1780^{[OEIS 21]}	R∖Q
Laplace limit^[27]		0.66274 34193 49181 58097 ^{[Mw 17]}^{[OEIS 22]}	${\frac {xe^{\sqrt {x^{2}+1}}}{{\sqrt {x^{2}+1}}+1}}=1$	~1782	R∖A
Soldner constant^[28]^[29]	μ $\mu$	1.45136 92348 83381 05028 ^{[Mw 18]}^{[OEIS 23]}	$\mathrm {li} (x)=\int _{0}^{x}{\frac {dt}{\ln t}}=0$ is the root of the logarithmic integral function.	1792^{[OEIS 23]}
Gauss’s constant^[30]	G $G$	0.83462 68416 74073 18628 ^{[Mw 19]}^{[OEIS 24]}	${\frac {1}{\mathrm {agm} (1,{\sqrt {2}})}}={\frac {\Gamma ({\frac {1}{4}})^{2}}{2{\sqrt {2\pi ^{3}}}}}={\frac {2}{\pi }}\int _{0}^{1}{\frac {dx}{\sqrt {1-x^{4}}}}$ where agm is the arithmetic–geometric mean	1799^[31]	R∖A
Second Hermite constant^[32]	γ2 $\gamma _{2}$	1.15470 05383 79251 52901 ^{[Mw 20]}^{[OEIS 25]}	23 ${\frac {2}{\sqrt {3}}}$	1822 to 1901	A
Liouville’s constant^[33]	L $L$	0.11000 10000 00000 00000 0001 ^{[Mw 21]}^{[OEIS 26]}	∑n=1∞110n!=1101!+1102!+1103!+1104!+⋯ $\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{10^{n!}}}={\frac {1}{10^{1!}}}+{\frac {1}{10^{2!}}}+{\frac {1}{10^{3!}}}+{\frac {1}{10^{4!}}}+\cdots$	Before 1844	R∖A
First continued fraction constant	C1 $C_{1}$	0.69777 46579 64007 98201 ^{[Mw 22]}^{[OEIS 27]}	11+12+13+14+15+⋯ ${\tfrac {1}{1+{\tfrac {1}{2+{\tfrac {1}{3+{\tfrac {1}{4+{\tfrac {1}{5+\cdots }}}}}}}}}}$ I1(2)I0(2) ${\frac {I_{1}(2)}{I_{0}(2)}}$ , where Iα(x) $I_{\alpha }(x)$ is the modified Bessel function	1855^[34]	R∖Q
Ramanujan’s constant^[35]		262 53741 26407 68743 .99999 99999 99250 073 ^{[Mw 23]}^{[OEIS 28]}	$e^{\pi {\sqrt {163}}}$	1859	R∖A
Glaisher–Kinkelin constant	A $A$	1.28242 71291 00622 63687^{[Mw 24]}^{[OEIS 29]}	$e^{{\frac {1}{12}}-\zeta ^{\prime }(-1)}=e^{{\frac {1}{8}}-{\frac {1}{2}}\sum \limits _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{n+1}}\sum \limits _{k=0}^{n}\left(-1\right)^{k}{\binom {n}{k}}\left(k+1\right)^{2}\ln(k+1)}$	1860^{[OEIS 29]}
Catalan’s constant^[36]^[37]^[38]	G $G$	0.91596 55941 77219 01505 ^{[Mw 25]}^{[OEIS 30]}	$\int _{0}^{1}\!\!\int _{0}^{1}\!\!{\frac {dx\,dy}{1{+}x^{2}y^{2}}}=\!\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }\!{\frac {(-1)^{n}}{(2n{+}1)^{2}}}\!=\!{\frac {1}{1^{2}}}{-}{\frac {1}{3^{2}}}{+}{\cdots }$	1864
Dottie number^[39]		0.73908 51332 15160 64165 ^{[Mw 26]}^{[OEIS 31]}	Real root of cos⁡x=x $\cos x=x$	1865^{[Mw 26]}	R∖A
Meissel–Mertens constant^[40]	M $M$	0.26149 72128 47642 78375 ^{[Mw 27]}^{[OEIS 32]}	$\lim _{n\to \infty }\left(\sum _{p\leq n}{\frac {1}{p}}-\ln \ln n\right)=\gamma +\sum _{p}\left(\ln \left(1-{\frac {1}{p}}\right)+{\frac {1}{p}}\right)$ where γ is the Euler–Mascheroni constant and p is prime	1866 & 1873
Universal parabolic constant^[41]	P $P$	2.29558 71493 92638 07403 ^{[Mw 28]}^{[OEIS 33]}	$\ln(1+{\sqrt {2}})+{\sqrt {2}}\;=\;\operatorname {arsinh} (1)+{\sqrt {2}}$	Before 1891^[42]	R∖A
Cahen’s constant^[43]	C $C$	0.64341 05462 88338 02618 ^{[Mw 29]}^{[OEIS 34]}	$\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{k}}{s_{k}-1}}={\frac {1}{1}}-{\frac {1}{2}}+{\frac {1}{6}}-{\frac {1}{42}}+{\frac {1}{1806}}{\,\pm \cdots }$ where s_k is the kth term of Sylvester’s sequence 2, 3, 7, 43, 1807, …	1891	R∖A
Gelfond’s constant^[44]	eπ $e^{\pi }$	23.14069 26327 79269 0057 ^{[Mw 30]}^{[OEIS 35]}	(−1)−i=i−2i=∑n=0∞πnn!=1+π11+π22+π36+⋯ $(-1)^{-i}=i^{-2i}=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {\pi ^{n}}{n!}}=1+{\frac {\pi ^{1}}{1}}+{\frac {\pi ^{2}}{2}}+{\frac {\pi ^{3}}{6}}+\cdots$	1900^[45]	R∖A
Gelfond–Schneider constant^[46]	22 $2^{\sqrt {2}}$	2.66514 41426 90225 18865 ^{[Mw 31]}^{[OEIS 36]}		Before 1902^{[OEIS 36]}	R∖A
Second Favard constant^[47]	K2 $K_{2}$	1.23370 05501 36169 82735 ^{[Mw 32]}^{[OEIS 37]}	π28=∑n=0∞1(2n−1)2=112+132+152+172+⋯ ${\frac {\pi ^{2}}{8}}=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{(2n-1)^{2}}}={\frac {1}{1^{2}}}+{\frac {1}{3^{2}}}+{\frac {1}{5^{2}}}+{\frac {1}{7^{2}}}+\cdots$	1902 to 1965	R∖A
Golden angle^[48]	g $g$	2.39996 32297 28653 32223 ^{[Mw 33]}^{[OEIS 38]}	2πφ2=π(3−5) ${\frac {2\pi }{\varphi ^{2}}}=\pi (3-{\sqrt {5}})$ or180(3−5)=137.50776… $180(3-{\sqrt {5}})=137.50776\ldots$ in degrees	1907	R∖A
Sierpiński’s constant^[49]	K $K$	2.58498 17595 79253 21706 ^{[Mw 34]}^{[OEIS 39]}	π(2γ+ln⁡4π3Γ(14)4)=π(2γ+4ln⁡Γ(34)−ln⁡π)=π(2ln⁡2+3ln⁡π+2γ−4ln⁡Γ(14)) ${\begin{aligned}&\pi \left(2\gamma +\ln {\frac {4\pi ^{3}}{\Gamma ({\tfrac {1}{4}})^{4}}}\right)=\pi (2\gamma +4\ln \Gamma ({\tfrac {3}{4}})-\ln \pi )\\&=\pi \left(2\ln 2+3\ln \pi +2\gamma -4\ln \Gamma ({\tfrac {1}{4}})\right)\end{aligned}}$	1907
Landau–Ramanujan constant^[50]	K $K$	0.76422 36535 89220 66299 ^{[Mw 35]}^{[OEIS 40]}	12∏p≡3 mod 4pprime(1−1p2)−12=π4∏p≡1 mod 4pprime(1−1p2)12 ${\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}\prod _{{p\equiv 3{\text{ mod }}4} \atop p\;{\rm {prime}}}{\left(1-{\frac {1}{p^{2}}}\right)^{-{\frac {1}{2}}}}\!\!={\frac {\pi }{4}}\prod _{{p\equiv 1{\text{ mod }}4} \atop p\;{\rm {prime}}}{\left(1-{\frac {1}{p^{2}}}\right)^{\frac {1}{2}}}$	1908^{[OEIS 40]}
First Nielsen–Ramanujan constant^[51]	a1 $a_{1}$	0.82246 70334 24113 21823 ^{[Mw 36]}^{[OEIS 41]}	ζ(2)2=π212=∑n=1∞(−1)n+1n2=112−122+132−142+⋯ ${\frac {{\zeta }(2)}{2}}={\frac {\pi ^{2}}{12}}=\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{n+1}}{n^{2}}}={\frac {1}{1^{2}}}{-}{\frac {1}{2^{2}}}{+}{\frac {1}{3^{2}}}{-}{\frac {1}{4^{2}}}{+}\cdots$	1909	R∖A
Gieseking constant^[52]	G $G$	1.01494 16064 09653 62502 ^{[Mw 37]}^{[OEIS 42]}	334(1−∑n=0∞1(3n+2)2+∑n=1∞1(3n+1)2)= ${\frac {3{\sqrt {3}}}{4}}\left(1-\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{(3n+2)^{2}}}+\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{(3n+1)^{2}}}\right)=$ 334(1−122+142−152+172−182+1102±⋯) $\textstyle {\frac {3{\sqrt {3}}}{4}}\left(1-{\frac {1}{2^{2}}}+{\frac {1}{4^{2}}}-{\frac {1}{5^{2}}}+{\frac {1}{7^{2}}}-{\frac {1}{8^{2}}}+{\frac {1}{10^{2}}}\pm \cdots \right)$ .	1912
Bernstein’s constant^[53]	β $\beta$	0.28016 94990 23869 13303 ^{[Mw 38]}^{[OEIS 43]}	limn→∞2nE2n(f) $\lim _{n\to \infty }2nE_{2n}(f)$ , where E_n(f) is the error of the best uniform approximation to a real function f(x) on the interval [−1, 1] by real polynomials of no more than degree n, and f(x) = \|x\|	1913
Tribonacci constant^[54]		1.83928 67552 14161 13255 ^{[Mw 39]}^{[OEIS 44]}	1+19+3333+19−33333=1+4cosh⁡(13cosh−1⁡(2+38))3 ${\textstyle {\frac {1+{\sqrt[{3}]{19+3{\sqrt {33}}}}+{\sqrt[{3}]{19-3{\sqrt {33}}}}}{3}}={\frac {1+4\cosh \left({\frac {1}{3}}\cosh ^{-1}\left(2+{\frac {3}{8}}\right)\right)}{3}}}$ Real root of x3−x2−x−1=0 $x^{3}-x^{2}-x-1=0$	1914 to 1963	A
Brun’s constant^[55]	B2 $B_{2}$	1.90216 05831 04 ^{[Mw 40]}^{[OEIS 45]}	∑p(1p+1p+2)=(13+15)+(15+17)+(111+113)+⋯ $\textstyle {\sum \limits _{p}({\frac {1}{p}}+{\frac {1}{p+2}})}=({\frac {1}{3}}\!+\!{\frac {1}{5}})+({\tfrac {1}{5}}\!+\!{\tfrac {1}{7}})+({\tfrac {1}{11}}\!+\!{\tfrac {1}{13}})+\cdots$ where the sum ranges over all primes p such that p + 2 is also a prime	1919^{[OEIS 45]}
Twin primes constant	C2 $C_{2}$	0.66016 18158 46869 57392 ^{[Mw 41]}^{[OEIS 46]}	∏pprimep≥3(1−1(p−1)2) $\prod _{\textstyle {p\;{\rm {prime}} \atop p\geq 3}}\left(1-{\frac {1}{(p-1)^{2}}}\right)$	1922
Plastic ratio^[56]	ρ $\rho$	1.32471 79572 44746 02596 ^{[Mw 42]}^{[OEIS 47]}	1+1+1+⋯333=12+69183+12−69183 ${\sqrt[{3}]{1+\!{\sqrt[{3}]{1+\!{\sqrt[{3}]{1+\cdots }}}}}}=\textstyle {\sqrt[{3}]{{\frac {1}{2}}+{\frac {\sqrt {69}}{18}}}}+{\sqrt[{3}]{{\frac {1}{2}}-{\frac {\sqrt {69}}{18}}}}$ Real root of x3=x+1 $x^{3}=x+1$	1924^{[OEIS 47]}	A
Bloch’s constant^[57]	B $B$	0.4332≤B≤0.4719 $0.4332\leq B\leq 0.4719$ ^{[Mw 43]}^{[OEIS 48]}	The best known bounds are 34+2×10−4≤B≤3−12⋅Γ(13)Γ(1112)Γ(14) ${\frac {\sqrt {3}}{4}}+2\times 10^{-4}\leq B\leq {\sqrt {\frac {{\sqrt {3}}-1}{2}}}\cdot {\frac {\Gamma ({\frac {1}{3}})\Gamma ({\frac {11}{12}})}{\Gamma ({\frac {1}{4}})}}$	1925^{[OEIS 48]}
Z score for the 97.5 percentile point^[58]^[59]^[60]^[61]	z.975 $z_{.975}$	1.95996 39845 40054 23552 ^{[Mw 44]}^{[OEIS 49]}	2erf−1⁡(0.95) ${\sqrt {2}}\operatorname {erf} ^{-1}(0.95)$ where erf⁻¹(x) is the inverse error functionReal number z $z$ such that 12π∫−∞ze−x2/2dx=0.975 ${\frac {1}{\sqrt {2\pi }}}\int _{-\infty }^{z}e^{-x^{2}/2}\,\mathrm {d} x=0.975$	1925
Landau’s constant^[57]	L $L$	0.5<L≤0.54326<img src=”https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/31b0b90942a1eaa5c74b77e044067b3c63143c5a” alt=”{\displaystyle 0.5 ^{[Mw 45]}^{[OEIS 50]}	The best known bounds are 0.5<L≤Γ(13)Γ(56)Γ(16)<img src=”https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6e8a136ff0453d0db1764fd93d88a59c6cd22fd8″ alt=”{\displaystyle 0.5	1929
Landau’s third constant^[57]	A $A$	0.5<A≤0.7853<img src=”https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/161289449b0ce09353c6c06a463b21123089b3a0″ alt=”{\displaystyle 0.5		1929
Prouhet–Thue–Morse constant^[62]	τ $\tau$	0.41245 40336 40107 59778 ^{[Mw 46]}^{[OEIS 51]}	∑n=0∞tn2n+1=14[2−∏n=0∞(1−122n)] $\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {t_{n}}{2^{n+1}}}={\frac {1}{4}}\left[2-\prod _{n=0}^{\infty }\left(1-{\frac {1}{2^{2^{n}}}}\right)\right]$ where tn ${t_{n}}$ is the n^th term of the Thue–Morse sequence	1929^{[OEIS 51]}	R∖A
Golomb–Dickman constant^[63]	λ $\lambda$	0.62432 99885 43550 87099 ^{[Mw 47]}^{[OEIS 52]}	∫01eLi(t)dt=∫0∞ρ(t)t+2dt $\int _{0}^{1}e^{\mathrm {Li} (t)}dt=\int _{0}^{\infty }{\frac {\rho (t)}{t+2}}dt$ where Li(t) is the logarithmic integral, and ρ(t) is the Dickman function	1930 & 1964
Constant related to the asymptotic behavior of Lebesgue constants^[64]	c $c$	0.98943 12738 31146 95174 ^{[Mw 48]}^{[OEIS 53]}	limn→∞(Ln−4π2ln⁡(2n+1))=4π2(∑k=1∞2ln⁡k4k2−1−Γ′(12)Γ(12)) $\lim _{n\to \infty }\!\!\left(\!{L_{n}{-}{\frac {4}{\pi ^{2}}}\ln(2n{+}1)}\!\!\right)\!{=}{\frac {4}{\pi ^{2}}}\!\left({\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }\!{\frac {2\ln k}{4k^{2}{-}1}}}{-}{\frac {\Gamma '({\tfrac {1}{2}})}{\Gamma ({\tfrac {1}{2}})}}\!\!\right)$	1930^{[Mw 48]}
Feller–Tornier constant^[65]	CFT ${\mathcal {C}}_{\mathrm {FT} }$	0.66131 70494 69622 33528 ^{[Mw 49]}^{[OEIS 54]}	12∏p prime(1−2p2)+12=3π2∏p prime(1−1p2−1)+12 ${{\frac {1}{2}}\prod _{p{\text{ prime}}}\left(1-{\frac {2}{p^{2}}}\right)+{\frac {1}{2}}}={\frac {3}{\pi ^{2}}}\prod _{p{\text{ prime}}}\left(1-{\frac {1}{p^{2}-1}}\right)+{\frac {1}{2}}$	1932
Base 10 Champernowne constant^[66]	C10 $C_{10}$	0.12345 67891 01112 13141 ^{[Mw 50]}^{[OEIS 55]}	Defined by concatenating representations of successive integers:0.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 …	1933	R∖A
Salem constant^[67]	σ10 $\sigma _{10}$	1.17628 08182 59917 50654 ^{[Mw 51]}^{[OEIS 56]}	Largest real root of x10+x9−x7−x6−x5−x4−x3+x+1=0 $x^{10}+x^{9}-x^{7}-x^{6}-x^{5}-x^{4}-x^{3}+x+1=0$	1933^{[OEIS 56]}	A
Khinchin’s constant^[68]	K0 $K_{0}$	2.68545 20010 65306 44530 ^{[Mw 52]}^{[OEIS 57]}	∏n=1∞[1+1n(n+2)]log2⁡(n) $\prod _{n=1}^{\infty }\left[{1+{1 \over n(n+2)}}\right]^{\log _{2}(n)}$	1934
Lévy’s constant (1)^[69]	β $\beta$	1.18656 91104 15625 45282 ^{[Mw 53]}^{[OEIS 58]}	π212ln⁡2 ${\frac {\pi ^{2}}{12\,\ln 2}}$	1935
Lévy’s constant (2)^[70]	eβ $e^{\beta }$	3.27582 29187 21811 15978 ^{[Mw 54]}^{[OEIS 59]}	eπ2/(12ln⁡2) $e^{\pi ^{2}/(12\ln 2)}$	1936
Copeland–Erdős constant^[71]	CCE ${\mathcal {C}}_{CE}$	0.23571 11317 19232 93137 ^{[Mw 55]}^{[OEIS 60]}	Defined by concatenating representations of successive prime numbers:0.2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37 …	1946^{[OEIS 60]}	R∖Q
Mills’ constant^[72]	A $A$	1.30637 78838 63080 69046 ^{[Mw 56]}^{[OEIS 61]}	Smallest positive real number A such that ⌊A3n⌋ $\lfloor A^{3^{n}}\rfloor$ is prime for all positive integers n	1947
Gompertz constant^[73]	δ $\delta$	0.59634 73623 23194 07434 ^{[Mw 57]}^{[OEIS 62]}	∫0∞e−x1+xdx=∫01dx1−ln⁡x=11+11+11+21+21+31+3/⋯ $\int _{0}^{\infty }\!\!{\frac {e^{-x}}{1+x}}\,dx=\!\!\int _{0}^{1}\!\!{\frac {dx}{1-\ln x}}={\tfrac {1}{1+{\tfrac {1}{1+{\tfrac {1}{1+{\tfrac {2}{1+{\tfrac {2}{1+{\tfrac {3}{1+3{/\cdots }}}}}}}}}}}}}$	Before 1948^{[OEIS 62]}
de Bruijn–Newman constant	Λ $\Lambda$	0≤Λ≤0.2 $0\leq \Lambda \leq 0.2$	The number Λ such that H(λ,z)=∫0∞eλu2Φ(u)cos⁡(zu)du $H(\lambda ,z)=\int _{0}^{\infty }e^{\lambda u^{2}}\Phi (u)\cos(zu)du$ has real zeros if and only if λ ≥ Λ.where Φ(u)=∑n=1∞(2π2n4e9u−3πn2e5u)e−πn2e4u $\Phi (u)=\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }(2\pi ^{2}n^{4}e^{9u}-3\pi n^{2}e^{5u})e^{-\pi n^{2}e^{4u}}$ .	1950
Van der Pauw constant	πln⁡2 ${\frac {\pi }{\ln 2}}$	4.53236 01418 27193 80962 ^{[OEIS 63]}		Before 1958^{[OEIS 64]}	R∖Q
Magic angle^[74]	θm $\theta _{\mathrm {m} }$	0.95531 66181 245092 78163 ^{[OEIS 65]}	arctan⁡2=arccos⁡13≈54.7356∘ $\arctan {\sqrt {2}}=\arccos {\tfrac {1}{\sqrt {3}}}\approx \textstyle {54.7356}^{\circ }$	Before 1959^[75]^[74]	R∖A
Artin’s constant^[76]	CArtin $C_{\mathrm {Artin} }$	0.37395 58136 19202 28805 ^{[Mw 58]}^{[OEIS 66]}	∏p prime(1−1p(p−1)) $\prod _{p{\text{ prime}}}\left(1-{\frac {1}{p(p-1)}}\right)$	Before 1961^{[OEIS 66]}
Porter’s constant^[77]	C $C$	1.46707 80794 33975 47289 ^{[Mw 59]}^{[OEIS 67]}	6ln⁡2π2(3ln⁡2+4γ−24π2ζ′(2)−2)−12 ${\frac {6\ln 2}{\pi ^{2}}}\left(3\ln 2+4\,\gamma -{\frac {24}{\pi ^{2}}}\,\zeta '(2)-2\right)-{\frac {1}{2}}$ where γ is the Euler–Mascheroni constant and ζ ‘(2) is the derivative of the Riemann zeta function evaluated at s = 2	1961^{[OEIS 67]}
Lochs constant^[78]	L $L$	0.97027 01143 92033 92574 ^{[Mw 60]}^{[OEIS 68]}	6ln⁡2ln⁡10π2 ${\frac {6\ln 2\ln 10}{\pi ^{2}}}$	1964
DeVicci’s tesseract constant		1.00743 47568 84279 37609 ^{[OEIS 69]}	The largest cube that can pass through in an 4D hypercube.Positive root of 4×8−28×6−7×4+16×2+16=0 $4x^{8}{-}28x^{6}{-}7x^{4}{+}16x^{2}{+}16=0$	1966^{[OEIS 69]}	A
Lieb’s square ice constant^[79]		1.53960 07178 39002 03869 ^{[Mw 61]}^{[OEIS 70]}	(43)32=833 $\left({\frac {4}{3}}\right)^{\frac {3}{2}}={\frac {8}{3{\sqrt {3}}}}$	1967	A
Niven’s constant^[80]	C $C$	1.70521 11401 05367 76428 ^{[Mw 62]}^{[OEIS 71]}	1+∑n=2∞(1−1ζ(n)) $1+\sum _{n=2}^{\infty }\left(1-{\frac {1}{\zeta (n)}}\right)$	1969
Stephens’ constant^[81]		0.57595 99688 92945 43964 ^{[Mw 63]}^{[OEIS 72]}	∏p prime(1−pp3−1) $\prod _{p{\text{ prime}}}\left(1-{\frac {p}{p^{3}-1}}\right)$	1969^{[OEIS 72]}
Regular paperfolding sequence^[82]^[83]	P $P$	0.85073 61882 01867 26036 ^{[Mw 64]}^{[OEIS 73]}	∑n=0∞82n22n+2−1=∑n=0∞122n1−122n+2 $\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {8^{2^{n}}}{2^{2^{n+2}}-1}}=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\cfrac {\tfrac {1}{2^{2^{n}}}}{1-{\tfrac {1}{2^{2^{n+2}}}}}}$	1970^{[OEIS 73]}	R∖A
Reciprocal Fibonacci constant^[84]	ψ $\psi$	3.35988 56662 43177 55317 ^{[Mw 65]}^{[OEIS 74]}	∑n=1∞1Fn=11+11+12+13+15+18+113+⋯ $\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{F_{n}}}={\frac {1}{1}}+{\frac {1}{1}}+{\frac {1}{2}}+{\frac {1}{3}}+{\frac {1}{5}}+{\frac {1}{8}}+{\frac {1}{13}}+\cdots$ where F_n is the n^th Fibonacci number	1974^{[OEIS 74]}	R∖Q
Chvátal–Sankoff constant for the binary alphabet	$\gamma _{2}$	0.788071≤γ2≤0.826280 $0.788071\leq \gamma _{2}\leq 0.826280$	limn→∞E⁡[λn,2]n $\lim _{n\to \infty }{\frac {\operatorname {E} [\lambda _{n,2}]}{n}}$ where E[λ_n,2] is the expected longest common subsequence of two random length-n binary strings	1975
Feigenbaum constant δ^[85]	δ	4.66920 16091 02990 67185 ^{[Mw 66]}^{[OEIS 75]}	$\lim _{n\to \infty }{\frac {x_{n+1}-x_{n}}{x_{n+2}-x_{n+1}}}$ where the sequence x_n is given by $x_{n+1}=ax_{n}(1-x_{n})$	1975
Chaitin’s constants^[86]	Ω	In general they are uncomputable numbers. But one such number is 0.00787 49969 97812 3844. ^{[Mw 67]}^{[OEIS 76]}	$\sum _{p\in P}2^{-\|p\|}$ Halted program \|p\|: Size in bits of program pP: Domain of all programs that stop. See also: Halting problem	1975	R∖A
Robbins constant^[87]	$\Delta (3)$	0.66170 71822 67176 23515 ^{[Mw 68]}^{[OEIS 77]}	${\frac {4\!+\!17{\sqrt {2}}\!-6{\sqrt {3}}\!-7\pi }{105}}\!+\!{\frac {\ln(1\!+\!{\sqrt {2}})}{5}}\!+\!{\frac {2\ln(2\!+\!{\sqrt {3}})}{5}}$	1977^{[OEIS 77]}	R∖A
Weierstrass constant^[88]		0.47494 93799 87920 65033 ^{[Mw 69]}^{[OEIS 78]}	${\frac {2^{5/4}{\sqrt {\pi }}\,e^{\pi /8}}{\Gamma ({\frac {1}{4}})^{2}}}$	Before 1978^[89]	R∖A
Fransén–Robinson constant^[90]	F $F$	2.80777 02420 28519 36522 ^{[Mw 70]}^{[OEIS 79]}	$\int _{0}^{\infty }{\frac {dx}{\Gamma (x)}}=e+\int _{0}^{\infty }{\frac {e^{-x}}{\pi ^{2}+\ln ^{2}x}}\,dx$	1978
Feigenbaum constant α^[91]	α $\alpha$	2.50290 78750 95892 82228 ^{[Mw 66]}^{[OEIS 80]}	Ratio between the width of a tine and the width of one of its two subtines in a bifurcation diagram	1979
Second du Bois-Reymond constant^[92]	C2 $C_{2}$	0.19452 80494 65325 11361 ^{[Mw 71]}^{[OEIS 81]}	${\frac {e^{2}-7}{2}}=\int _{0}^{\infty }\left\|{{\frac {d}{dt}}\left({\frac {\sin t}{t}}\right)^{2}}\right\|\,dt-1$	1983^{[OEIS 81]}	R∖A
Erdős–Tenenbaum–Ford constant	δ $\delta$	0.08607 13320 55934 20688 ^{[OEIS 82]}	$1-{\frac {1+\log \log 2}{\log 2}}$	1984
Conway’s constant^[93]	λ $\lambda$	1.30357 72690 34296 39125 ^{[Mw 72]}^{[OEIS 83]}	Real root of the polynomial: ${\begin{smallmatrix}x^{71}-x^{69}-2x^{68}-x^{67}+2x^{66}+2x^{65}+x^{64}-x^{63}-x^{62}-x^{61}-x^{60}\\-x^{59}+2x^{58}+5x^{57}+3x^{56}-2x^{55}-10x^{54}-3x^{53}-2x^{52}+6x^{51}+6x^{50}\\+x^{49}+9x^{48}-3x^{47}-7x^{46}-8x^{45}-8x^{44}+10x^{43}+6x^{42}+8x^{41}-5x^{40}\\-12x^{39}+7x^{38}-7x^{37}+7x^{36}+x^{35}-3x^{34}+10x^{33}+x^{32}-6x^{31}-2x^{30}\\-10x^{29}-3x^{28}+2x^{27}+9x^{26}-3x^{25}+14x^{24}-8x^{23}-7x^{21}+9x^{20}\\+3x^{19}\!-4x^{18}\!-10x^{17}\!-7x^{16}\!+12x^{15}\!+7x^{14}\!+2x^{13}\!-12x^{12}\!-4x^{11}\!-2x^{10}\\+5x^{9}+x^{7}-7x^{6}+7x^{5}-4x^{4}+12x^{3}-6x^{2}+3x-6\ =\ 0\quad \quad \quad \end{smallmatrix}}$	1987	A
Hafner–Sarnak–McCurley constant^[94]	σ $\sigma$	0.35323 63718 54995 98454 ^{[Mw 73]}^{[OEIS 84]}	∏p prime(1−(1−∏n≥1(1−1pn))2) $\prod _{p{\text{ prime}}}{\left(1-\left(1-\prod _{n\geq 1}\left(1-{\frac {1}{p^{n}}}\right)\right)^{2}\right)}\!$	1991^{[OEIS 84]}
Backhouse’s constant^[95]	B $B$	1.45607 49485 82689 67139 ^{[Mw 74]}^{[OEIS 85]}	limk→∞\|qk+1qk\|where:Q(x)=1P(x)=∑k=1∞qkxk $\lim _{k\to \infty }\left\|{\frac {q_{k+1}}{q_{k}}}\right\vert \quad \scriptstyle {\text{where:}}\displaystyle \;\;Q(x)={\frac {1}{P(x)}}=\!\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }q_{k}x^{k}$ P(x)=1+∑k=1∞pkxk=1+2x+3×2+5×3+⋯ $P(x)=1+\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{p_{k}x^{k}}=1+2x+3x^{2}+5x^{3}+\cdots$ where p_k is the k^th prime number	1995
Viswanath constant^[96]		1.13198 82487 943 ^{[Mw 75]}^{[OEIS 86]}	limn→∞\|fn\|1n $\lim _{n\to \infty }\|f_{n}\|^{\frac {1}{n}}$ where f_n = f_n−1 ± f_n−2, where the signs + or − are chosen at random with equal probability 1/2	1997
Komornik–Loreti constant^[97]	q $q$	1.78723 16501 82965 93301 ^{[Mw 76]}^{[OEIS 87]}	Real number q $q$ such that 1=∑k=1∞tkqk $1=\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{\frac {t_{k}}{q^{k}}}$ , or ∏n=0∞(1−1q2n)+q−2q−1=0 $\prod _{n=0}^{\infty }\left(1-{\frac {1}{q^{2^{n}}}}\right)+{\frac {q-2}{q-1}}=0$ where t_k is the k^th term of the Thue–Morse sequence	1998	R∖A
Embree–Trefethen constant	β⋆ $\beta ^{\star }$	0.70258		1999
Heath-Brown–Moroz constant^[98]	C $C$	0.00131 76411 54853 17810 ^{[Mw 77]}^{[OEIS 88]}	∏p prime(1−1p)7(1+7p+1p2) $\prod _{p{\text{ prime}}}\left(1-{\frac {1}{p}}\right)^{7}\left(1+{\frac {7p+1}{p^{2}}}\right)$	1999^{[OEIS 88]}
MRB constant^[99]^[100]^[101]	S $S$	0.18785 96424 62067 12024 ^{[Mw 78]}^{[Ow 1]}^{[OEIS 89]}	∑n=1∞(−1)n(n1/n−1)=−11+22−33+⋯ $\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }(-1)^{n}(n^{1/n}-1)=-{\sqrt[{1}]{1}}+{\sqrt[{2}]{2}}-{\sqrt[{3}]{3}}+\cdots$	1999
Prime constant^[102]	ρ $\rho$	0.41468 25098 51111 66024 ^{[OEIS 90]}	$\sum _{p{\text{ prime}}}{\frac {1}{2^{p}}}={\frac {1}{4}}+{\frac {1}{8}}+{\frac {1}{32}}+\cdots$	1999^{[OEIS 90]}	R∖Q
Somos’ quadratic recurrence constant^[103]	σ $\sigma$	1.66168 79496 33594 12129 ^{[Mw 79]}^{[OEIS 91]}	$\prod _{n=1}^{\infty }n^{{1/2}^{n}}={\sqrt {1{\sqrt {2{\sqrt {3\cdots }}}}}}=1^{1/2}\;2^{1/4}\;3^{1/8}\cdots$	1999^{[Mw 79]}
Foias constant^[104]	α $\alpha$	1.18745 23511 26501 05459 ^{[Mw 80]}^{[OEIS 92]}	$x_{n+1}=\left(1+{\frac {1}{x_{n}}}\right)^{n}{\text{ for }}n=1,2,3,\ldots$ Foias constant is the unique real number such that if x₁ = α then the sequence diverges to infinity.	2000
Logarithmic capacity of the unit disk^[105]^[106]		0.59017 02995 08048 11302^{[Mw 81]}^{[OEIS 93]}	${\frac {\Gamma ({\tfrac {1}{4}})^{2}}{4\pi ^{3/2}}}$	Before 2003^{[OEIS 93]}	R∖A
Taniguchi constant^[81]		0.67823 44919 17391 97803^{[Mw 82]}^{[OEIS 94]}	$\prod _{p{\text{ prime}}}\left(1-{\frac {3}{p^{3}}}+{\frac {2}{p^{4}}}+{\frac {1}{p^{5}}}-{\frac {1}{p^{6}}}\right)$	Before 2005^[81]

Physical Constants

{\displaystyle \hbar =h/2\pi } — Approximately 57 listed

{\displaystyle \mu _{0}=4\pi \alpha \hbar /e^{2}c} — Approximately 57 listed

Symbol	Quantity	Value^[a]^[b]	Relative standard uncertainty	Ref^[1]
c	speed of light in vacuum	299792458 m⋅s⁻¹	0	^[2]
h	Planck constant	6.62607015×10⁻³⁴ J⋅Hz⁻¹	0	^[3]
$\hbar =h/2\pi$	reduced Planck constant	1.054571817…×10⁻³⁴ J⋅s	0	^[4]
$\mu _{0}=4\pi \alpha \hbar /e^{2}c$	vacuum magnetic permeability	1.25663706127(20)×10⁻⁶ N⋅A⁻²	1.6×10⁻¹⁰	^[5]
$Z_{0}=4\pi \alpha \hbar /e^{2}$	characteristic impedance of vacuum	376.730313412(59) Ω	1.6×10⁻¹⁰	^[6]
$\varepsilon _{0}=e^{2}/4\pi \alpha \hbar c$	vacuum electric permittivity	8.8541878188(14)×10⁻¹² F⋅m⁻¹	1.6×10⁻¹⁰	^[7]
k,kB $k,k_{\text{B}}$	Boltzmann constant	1.380649×10⁻²³ J⋅K⁻¹	0	^[8]
G	Newtonian constant of gravitation	6.67430(15)×10⁻¹¹ m³⋅kg⁻¹⋅s⁻²	2.2×10⁻⁵	^[9]
Λ	cosmological constant	1.089(29)×10⁻⁵² m⁻² ^[c] 1.088(30)×10⁻⁵² m⁻² ^[d]	0.027 0.028	^[10] ^[11]
$\sigma =\pi ^{2}k_{\text{B}}^{4}/60\hbar ^{3}c^{2}$	Stefan–Boltzmann constant	5.670374419…×10⁻⁸ W⋅m⁻²⋅K⁻⁴	0	^[12]
$c_{1}=2\pi hc^{2}$	first radiation constant	3.741771852…×10⁻¹⁶ W⋅m²	0	^[13]
$c_{\text{1L}}=2hc^{2}/\mathrm {sr}$	first radiation constant for spectral radiance	1.191042972…×10⁻¹⁶ W⋅m²⋅sr⁻¹	0	^[14]
$c_{2}=hc/k_{\text{B}}$	second radiation constant	1.438776877…×10⁻² m⋅K	0	^[15]
b $b$ ^[e]	Wien wavelength displacement law constant	2.897771955…×10⁻³ m⋅K	0	^[16]
b′ $b'$ ^[f]	Wien frequency displacement law constant	5.878925757…×10¹⁰ Hz⋅K⁻¹	0	^[17]
bentropy $b_{\text{entropy}}$	Wien entropy displacement law constant	3.002916077…×10⁻³ m⋅K	0	^[18]
e $e$	elementary charge	1.602176634×10⁻¹⁹ C	0	^[19]
$G_{0}=2e^{2}/h$	conductance quantum	7.748091729…×10⁻⁵ S	0	^[20]
$G_{0}^{-1}=h/2e^{2}$	inverse conductance quantum	12906.40372… Ω	0	^[21]
$R_{\text{K}}=h/e^{2}$	von Klitzing constant	25812.80745… Ω	0	^[22]
$K_{\text{J}}=2e/h$	Josephson constant	483597.8484…×10⁹ Hz⋅V⁻¹	0	^[23]
$\Phi _{0}=h/2e$	magnetic flux quantum	2.067833848…×10⁻¹⁵ Wb	0	^[24]
α=e2/4πε0ℏc $\alpha =e^{2}/4\pi \varepsilon _{0}\hbar c$	fine-structure constant	0.0072973525643(11)	1.6×10⁻¹⁰	^[25]
α−1 $\alpha ^{-1}$	inverse fine-structure constant	137.035999177(21)	1.6×10⁻¹⁰	^[26]
me $m_{\text{e}}$	electron mass	9.1093837139(28)×10⁻³¹ kg	3.1×10⁻¹⁰	^[27]
mμ $m_{\mu }$	muon mass	1.883531627(42)×10⁻²⁸ kg	2.2×10⁻⁸	^[28]
mτ $m_{\tau }$	tau mass	3.16754(21)×10⁻²⁷ kg	6.8×10⁻⁵	^[29]
mp $m_{\text{p}}$	proton mass	1.67262192595(52)×10⁻²⁷ kg	3.1×10⁻¹⁰	^[30]
mn $m_{\text{n}}$	neutron mass	1.67492750056(85)×10⁻²⁷ kg	5.1×10⁻¹⁰	^[31]
mt $m_{\text{t}}$	top quark mass	3.0784(53)×10⁻²⁵ kg	1.7×10⁻³	^[32]
mp/me $m_{\text{p}}/m_{\text{e}}$	proton-to-electron mass ratio	1836.152673426(32)	1.7×10⁻¹¹	^[33]
mW/mZ $m_{\text{W}}/m_{\text{Z}}$	W-to-Z mass ratio	0.88145(13)	1.5×10⁻⁴	^[34]
sin2⁡θW $\sin ^{2}\theta _{\text{W}}$ =1−(mW/mZ)2 $=1-(m_{\text{W}}/m_{\text{Z}})^{2}$	sine-square weak mixing angle	0.22305(23) ^[g] 0.23121(4) ^[h] 0.23153(4) ^[i]	1.0×10⁻³ 1.7×10⁻⁴ 1.7×10⁻⁴	^[35] ^[36] ^[36]
ge $g_{\text{e}}$	electron g-factor	−2.00231930436092(36)	1.8×10⁻¹³	^[37]
gμ $g_{\mu }$	muon g-factor	−2.00233184123(82)	4.1×10⁻¹⁰	^[38]
gp $g_{\text{p}}$	proton g-factor	5.5856946893(16)	2.9×10⁻¹⁰	^[39]
h/2me $h/2m_{\text{e}}$	quantum of circulation	3.6369475467(11)×10⁻⁴ m²⋅s⁻¹	3.1×10⁻¹⁰	^[40]
$\mu _{\text{B}}=e\hbar /2m_{\text{e}}$	Bohr magneton	9.2740100657(29)×10⁻²⁴ J⋅T⁻¹	3.1×10⁻¹⁰	^[41]
$\mu _{\text{N}}=e\hbar /2m_{\text{p}}$	nuclear magneton	5.0507837393(16)×10⁻²⁷ J⋅T⁻¹	3.1×10⁻¹⁰	^[42]
$r_{\text{e}}=\alpha \hbar /m_{\text{e}}c$	classical electron radius	2.8179403205(13)×10⁻¹⁵ m	4.7×10⁻¹⁰	^[43]
$\sigma _{\text{e}}=(8\pi /3)r_{\text{e}}^{2}$	Thomson cross section	6.6524587051(62)×10⁻²⁹ m²	9.3×10⁻¹⁰	^[44]
$a_{0}=\hbar /\alpha m_{\text{e}}c$	Bohr radius	5.29177210544(82)×10⁻¹¹ m	1.6×10⁻¹⁰	^[45]
$R_{\infty }=\alpha ^{2}m_{\text{e}}c/2h$	Rydberg constant	10973731.568157(12) m⁻¹	1.1×10⁻¹²	^[46]
$\mathrm {Ry} =R_{\infty }hc=E_{\text{h}}/2$	Rydberg unit of energy	2.1798723611030(24)×10⁻¹⁸ J	1.1×10⁻¹²	^[47]
$E_{\text{h}}=\alpha ^{2}m_{\text{e}}c^{2}$	Hartree energy	4.3597447222060(48)×10⁻¹⁸ J	1.1×10⁻¹²	^[48]
$G_{\text{F}}/(\hbar c)^{3}$	Fermi coupling constant	1.1663787(6)×10⁻⁵ GeV⁻²	5.1×10⁻⁷	^[49]
$N_{\text{A}}$	Avogadro constant	6.02214076×10²³ mol⁻¹	0	^[50]
$R=N_{\text{A}}k_{\text{B}}$	molar gas constant	8.31446261815324 J⋅mol⁻¹⋅K⁻¹	0	^[51]
$F=N_{\text{A}}e$	Faraday constant	96485.3321233100184 C⋅mol⁻¹	0	^[52]
$N_{\text{A}}h$	molar Planck constant	3.9903127128934314×10⁻¹⁰ J⋅s⋅mol⁻¹	0	^[53]
$M({}^{12}{\text{C}})=N_{\text{A}}m({}^{12}{\text{C}})$	molar mass of carbon-12	12.0000000126(37)×10⁻³ kg⋅mol⁻¹	3.1×10⁻¹⁰	^[54]
$m_{\text{u}}=m({}^{12}{\text{C}})/12$	atomic mass constant	1.66053906892(52)×10⁻²⁷ kg	3.1×10⁻¹⁰	^[55]
$M_{\text{u}}=M({}^{12}{\text{C}})/12$	molar mass constant	1.00000000105(31)×10⁻³ kg⋅mol⁻¹	3.1×10⁻¹⁰	^[56]
Vm(Si) $V_{\text{m}}({\text{Si}})$	molar volume of silicon	1.205883199(60)×10⁻⁵ m³⋅mol⁻¹	4.9×10⁻⁸	^[57]
ΔνCs $\Delta \nu _{\text{Cs}}$	hyperfine transition frequency of ¹³³Cs	9192631770 Hz	0	^[58]

"One Sphere to the Standard Model to the universe: How Base-2 Geometry Generates Gauge Symmetries"

Wikipedia’s mathematical and physical constants

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