In particle physics, the Georgi–Glashow model is a particular Grand Unified Theory (GUT) proposed by Howard Georgi and Sheldon Glashow in 1974. In their model, the Standard Model ^[3] gauge groups^[4] SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1)^[5] are combined into a single simple gauge^[6] group SU⁽⁷⁾. The unified group SU(5) is then thought to be spontaneously broken into the Standard Model subgroup below a very high energy scale called the grand unification scale. [first paragraph of

References

• Georgi, Howard; Glashow, Sheldon (1974). “Unity of all elementary-particle forces”. Physical Review Letters 32 (8): 438. Bibcode:1974PhRvL..32..438G doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.32.438.S2CID9063239
• Baez, J.C.; Huerta, J. (2010). “The Algebra of Grand Unified Theories”. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 47 (3): 483–552. arXiv:0904.1556. doi:10.1090/S0273-0979-10-01294-2. S2CID 2941843
• Camber, Bruce; On gauge symmetries. Retrieved 15 February 2026; The Geometric Emergence of Gauge Symmetries; https://81018.com/gauge-symmetries/
• Wikipedia: Open to the complete page behind this paragraph here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgi-Glashow

More references:

• Langacker, Paul (2012). “Grand unification”. Scholarpedia. Vol. 7. p. 11419 Bibcode: 2012SchpJ… 711419L;
• Masiero, A.; Nanopoulos, A.; Tamvakis, K.; Yanagida, T. (1982). “Naturally Massless Higgs Doublets in Supersymmetric SU(5)”. Physics Letters B. 115 (5): 380–384
• M. Srednicki, Quantum Field Theory. Cambridge University Press, (2015)

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