From this Age of the Universe to its Beginnings at the Planck Base Units

February 2015: The next step in charting the Planck Units.
April 2016:  Horizontally-scrolled version of this chart: https://81018.com/chart/

Open a discussion:

Send your comments or suggestions to Bruce Camber or here!

Planck Time

Planck Length

Planck Mass

Planck Charge

Planck Temp

T=Time (seconds)

L=Length (meters)

 M=Mass (kilograms) Q=Charge (coulomb) Θ Kelvin (TP)

The Age of the Universe:

13.78 to 13.82 billion years

4.155×1026 m Future Universe

5.59602674996×1052kg

4.822346395×1043 C

Decision tree:

certainty = 50.001

203

6.9309178×1017 seconds

(21.9777± billion years)

2.077×1026 m

Future Universe

2.79801337498×1052kg

2.411173197×1043 C

Questions & Discussion*

202

346,545,888,147,200,000 seconds (10.8± billion years)

 1.03885326×1026 m (to become the

Observable Universe)

1.39900668749×1052kg

1.205586598×1043 C

1.416 83×1032 K
The Age of the Universe, generally accepted within the scientific community, is 13.78-to-13.8242 billion years.

201

173,272,944,073,600,000 (5.4± billion years) (1017)

5.19426632×1025 m (on approach to the

Observable Universe)

6.99503343744×1051kg

6.027932994×1042 C

7.0841×1031 K

200

86,636,472,036,800,000 s

(2.747± billion years)

2.59713316×1025 m

 3.49751671872×1051kg 3.013966497×1042 C 3.542082×1031 K

199

43,318,236,018,400,000 s

(1.3736± billion years)

1.29856658×1025 m

 1.74875835936×1051kg 1.506983248×1042 C 1.771041×1031 K

198

21,659,118,009,200,000 s

(686.806± million years)

6.49283305×1024 m

 8.7437917968×1050kg 7.534916243×1041 C 8.885520×1030 K

Comment: One Billion Years: Could it be just 31,556,952,000,000,000 seconds?

197

10,829,559,004,600,000 s

(342.4± million years) (1016)

3.24641644×1024 m

 4.3718958984×1050kg 3.767458121×1041 C 4.42760×1030 K

196

5,414,779,502,320,000 s

(171.2± million years)

1.62320822×1024 m

 2.1859479492×1050kg 1.883729060×1041 C 2.21380×1030 K

195

2,707,389,751,160,000 s

(85.6± million years)

8.11604112×1023 m

 1.0929739746×1050kg 9.418645304×1040 C 1.10690×1030 K

194

1,353,694,875,580,000 s

(42.8± million years) (1015)

4.05802056×1023 m

 5.464869873×1049kg 4.709322652×1040 C 5.53450×1029 K

193

676,847,437,792,000 s

(21.4± million years)

2.02901033×1023 m

 2.7324349365×1049kg 2.354661326×1040 C 2.76725×1029 K

192

338,423,718,896,000 s

(10.724± million years)

1.01450514×1023 m

 1.36621746825×1049kg 1.177330663×1040 C 1.38362×1029 K

191

169,211,859,448,000 s

(5.3± million years) (1014)

5.07252568×1022 m

 6.83108734124×1048kg 5.886653315×1039 C 6.91812×1028 K

190

84,605,929,724,000 s

(2.6± million years)

2.5362629 x1022 m

 3.41554367062×1048kg 2.943326657×1039 C 3.45906×1028 K

189

42,302,964,862,000 s

(1.3± million years)

1.26813145 ×1022 m

 1.70777183531×1048kg 1.471663328×1039 C 1.72953×1028 K

188

21,151,482,431,000 s

(640± thousand years)

6.34065727×1021 m

 8.53885917656×1047kg 7.35831664×1038 C 8.64766×1027 K

Comments: One Million Years: 31,556,926,000,000 seconds (More analysis to come)

187

10,575,741,215,500 seconds

(320± thousand years) (1013)

3.17032864×1021 m or

3 Zettameters or 310,000 ly

 4.26942958828×1047kg 3.679158321×1038 C 4.32383×1027 K

186

5,287,870,607,760 seconds

(160± thousand years)

1.58516432×1021 m

or about 150,000 ly (1.5z)

 2.13471479414×1047kg 1.839579160×1038 C 2.161915×1027 K

185

2,643,935,303,880 seconds

(83.7± thousand years)

7.92582136×1020 m

 1.06735739707×1047kg 9.197895804×1037 C 1.08095×1027 K

184

1,321,967,651,940 s (1012)

(41.8± thousand years)

3.96291068×1020 m

 5.33678698536×1046kg 4.598947902×1037 C 5.40478×1026 K

183

660,983,825,972 s

(20.9± thousand years)

1.98145×1020 meters

 2.66839349268×1046kg 2.29947395×1037 C 2.70239×1026 K

182

330,491,912,986 seconds

(or about 10,472.9 years)

9.90727×1019 meters

 1.33419674634×1046kg 1.14973697×1037 C 1.351197×1026 K

181

165,245,956,493 s (1011)

4.95363832×1019 m

 6.67098373172×1045kg 5.7486848×1036 C 6.75598×1025 K

180

82,622,978,246.4 s

2.47681916×1019 m

 3.33549186586×1045kg 2.87434243×1036 C 3.37799×1025 K

179

41,311,489,123.2 seconds

1.23840958×1019 m

 1.66774593293×1045kg 1.437171219×1036 C 1.68899×1025 K

178

20,655,744,561.6 seconds

6.19204792×1018 m

 8.33872966464×1044kg 7.18585609×1035 C 8.4449×1024 K

177

10,327,872,280.8 s (1010)

3.09602396×1018 m

 4.16936483232×1044kg 3.59292804×1035 C 4.22249×1024 K

176

5,163,936,140.4 s

1.54801198×1018 m

 2.08468241616×1044kg 1.79646402×1035 C 2.111245×1024 K

175

2,581,968,070.2 s

7.74005992×1017 m

 1.04234120808×1044kg 8.98232012×1034 C 1.05562×1024 K

174

1,290,984,035.1 s (109)

3.87002996×1017 m

 5.2117060404×1043kg 4.49116×1034 C 5.27811×1023 K

173

645,492,017.552 s

1.93501504 ×1017 m

 2.6058530202×1043kg 2.24558003×1034 C 2.63905×1023 K

172

322,746,008.776 s

9.67507488×1016 m

 1.3029265101×1043kg 1.122790015×1034 C 1.319528×1023 K

171

161,373,004.388 s (108)

4.83753744×1016 m

 6.51463255052×1042kg 5.61395007×1033 C 6.59764×1022 K

170

80,686,502.194 s

2.41876872×1016 m

 3.25731627526×1042kg 2.80697503×1033 C 3.29882×1022 K

169

40,343,251.097 s

(466 days)

1.20938436×1016 m

 1.62865813763×1042kg 1.40348751×1033 C 1.64941×1022 K

T = Time

Seconds

L = Length

Meters

 M = Mass

Kilograms

 C = Electric Charge

Coulombs

 Θ = TP Temperature

Kelvin

168

20,171,625.5485 seconds

(233.468 days)

6.0469218×1015 m

 8.14329068816×1041kg 7.017437595×1032 C 8.24705×1021 K

Comments: A light year is about 9.4605284×1015 meters (Google) or 9,460,730,472,580,800 metres “exactly” (Wikipedia). Use the Gregorian calendar (circa 1582) where a year is 365.2425 and the speed of light is given as 299,792,458 metres/second. That calculation: 365.2425 times 86400 seconds/day (or 31,556,952 seconds/year) times 299,792,458 meters/second or 9.4605362+×1015 meters. Although these three numbers are close, discrepancies would become quite large at the size of the Observable Universe and the Age of the Known Universe.

Now, using our Planck Units, we will attempt to make adjustments to the chart based on real numbers from real research within the Planck Length.

One Light Year is 9.45994265715×1015m More analysis coming!

167

10,085,812.7742 s (107)

(116.73 days)

3.0234609×1015 m

 4.07164534408×1041kg 3.50871879×1032 C 4.12352×1021 K

166

5,042,906.38712 seconds (58.36± days)

1.5117305×1015 m

 2.03582267204×1041kg 1.754359398×1032 C 2.06176×1021 K

165

2,521,453.19356 seconds (29.18+ days)

7.55865224×1014 m

 1.01791133602×1041kg 8.771796994×1031 C 1.030881×1021 K

Comments: One Light Month, using 30.436875 days per month based on a year of 365.2425 days divided by 12 months. There are 86,400 seconds per day. Multiplied by 299,792,458 m/s equals a length of 912,4745,570.09 kilometers. (More to come)

164

1,260,726.59 s (106) (14.59+ days)

3.77932612×1014 m

 5.08955668008×1040kg 4.385898497×1031 C 5.15440×1020 K

163

630,363.29 s (7.29± days)

(604,800 s / week)

1.88966306×1014 m

(about 7-day light travel)

 2.54477834004×1040kg 2.192949248×1031 C 2.57720×1020 K

162

315,181.649195 seconds

(3.64794 days)

9.44831528×1013 m

 1.27238917002×1040kg 1.096474624×1031 C 1.28860×1020 K

Comments: One Light Week A week is 168 hours which is 10,080 minutes which is 604,800 seconds. Multiplied by 299,792.458 km equals a length of 1.81314479 × 1011 kilometers. (More to come)

161

157,590.82 seconds (105) (1.82 days)

4.72415764×1013 m

 6.36194585012×1039kg 5.482373121×1030 C 6.44301×1019 K

160

78,795.4122 seconds

(.911984 days)

2.36207882×1013 m

(≅ 24-hour light travel)

 3.18097292506×1039kg 2.741186560×1030 C 3.22150×1019 K

Comments: One Light Day Every 24 hours is 86,400 seconds. Multiplied by 299,792.458 km equals a length of 25,902,068,371.2 km. (More analysis to come)

159

39,397.7061 seconds

1.18103945×1013 m

 1.59048646253×1039kg 1.370593280×1030 C 1.61075×1019 K

158

19,698.85307 s (104)

5.90519726×1012 m

 7.95243231264×1038kg 6.85296640×1029 C 8.05376×1018 K

157

9849.42653735 seconds

2.95259863×1012 m

 3.97621615632×1038kg 3.426483200×1029 C 4.02688×1018 K

156

4924.71326867 seconds

1.47629931×1012 m

 1.98810807816×1038kg 1.713241600×1029 C 2.01344×1018 K

155

2462.35663434 seconds

738,149,657 kilometers

 9.9405403908×1037kg 8.566208002×1028 C 1.00672×1018 K

Comments: One Light Hour. 3600 seconds within an hour, multiplied by the speed of light is 1,079,252,848,800 meters.

154

1231.17831717 s (103)

369,074,829 kilometers

 4.9702701954×1037kg 4.283104001×1028 C 5.03360×1017 K

153

615.589158584 seconds

(10.259+ minutes)

184,537,414 kilometers 1011

 2.4851350977×1037kg 2.141552000×1028 C 2.51680×1017 K

152

307.794579292 seconds

92,268,707.1 kilometers

(range of earth-to-sun)

 1.24256754885×1037kg 1.070776000×1028 C 1.25840×1017 K

151

153.897289646 s (102)

46,134,353.6 kilometers

 6.21283774424×1036kg 5.353880001×1027 C 6.29200×1016 K

150

76.948644823 seconds

(16+ sec over 1 min)

23,067,176.8 kilometers

 3.10641887212×1036kg 2.67694000×1027 C 3.14600×1016 K

149

38.4743224115 seconds

11,533,588.4 km 1010

 1.55320943606×1036kg 1.3384700×1027 C 1.57300×1016 K

Comments: A Light Minute. Sixty times 299,792.458 km/second, the distance light travels in one minute, is 17,987,547.48 km.

148

19.237 seconds (101)

5,766,794.2 km

 7.76604718028×1035kg 6.692350001×1026 C 7.86500×1015 K

147

9.6185806 seconds

2,883,397.1 km

 3.88302359014×1035kg 3.346175000×1026 C 3.93250×1015 K

146

4.80929 seconds

1,441,698.55 km 109

 1.94151179507×1035kg 1.673087500×1026 C 1.96625×1015 K

145

2.404645 seconds

720,849.264 kilometers

 9.70755897536×1034kg 8.36543750×1025 C 9.83125×1014 K

144

1.20232257536 s 100 (Not a perfect tp multiple)

360,424.632 kilometers

 4.85377948768×1034kg 4.18271875×1025 C 4.91562×1014 K

T = Time

L = Length

 M = Mass C = Electric Charge Θ = TP Temperature

143

6.01161287×10−1 seconds

180,212.316 km

108 (111,979+ miles)

2.42688974384×1034kg 2.091359375×1025 C 2.4578×1014 K

Comments: Science knows experimentally that light travels 299,792.458 km/second (a light second). There are many questions raised. There is much more analysis to come. There are several possibilities to cause the Planck Length column to shift down those notations to bring length and time into correspondence with experimental data.

A Planck Time multiple, either 1.202 seconds or .6011 seconds, could be used as a standard unit of time that is based on a theoretical constant. We will explore further the calculations for an hour, day, week, month and year based on such a system. We’ll also explore it in light of recent work to define the theoretical chronon.

Experimentally One Light Second = 299,792.458 km

142

3.00580643×10−1 s

90,106.158 kilometers

 1.21344487192×1034kg 1.045679687×1025 C 1.22890×1014 K

141

1.5029032×10−1 s

45,053.079 kilometers

 6.0672243596×1033kg 5.2283984387×1024 C 6.14453×1013 K

140

7.5145160×10−2 s

22,526.5398 kilometers

 3.0336121798×1033kg 2.6141992193×1024 C 3.07226×1013 K

139

3.757258×10−2 s

11,263.2699 km 107

(about 7000 miles)

 1.5168060899×1033kg 1.3070996096×1024 C 1.53613341×1013 K

138

1.878629×10−2 s

5631.63496 kilometers

 7.58403044948×1032kg 6.5354980484×1023 C 7.68066×1012 K

137

9.39314×10−3 s

2815.81748 kilometers

 3.792015224×1032kg 3.267749024×1023 C 3.84033×1012 K

136

4.69657×10−3 s

1407.9087 km 106

(about 874 miles)

 1.89600761237×1032kg 1.633874512×1023 C 1.92016×1012 K

135

2.348×10−3 seconds

703.954368 kilometers

 9.48003806184×1031kg 8.169372560×1022 C 9.6008×1011 K

Transitions from the Human-Scale Universe to the Large-Scale Universe (going up) and from the Large Scale to Human Scale (going down)

134

1.17414×10−3 s

351.977184 kilometers

or about 218.7 miles

 4.7400190309×1031kg 4.084686280×1022 C 4.8004×1011 K

133

5.87071573×10−4 s

175.988592 km 105

(about 109.35 miles)

 2.37000951546×1031kg 2.042343140×1022 C 2.40020×1011 K

132

 2.93535786×10−4 s

87.994296 kilometers

 1.18500475773×1031kg 1.021171570×1022 C 1.200104×1011 K

131

1.46767893×10−4 s

43.997148 kilometers

 5.92502378864×1030kg 5.105857850×1021 C 6.00052×1010 K

130

7.33839466×10−5 s

21.998574 kilometers

 2.96251189432×1030kg 2.552928925×1021 C 3.00026×1010 K

129

3.66919733344×10−5 s

10.999287 km 104

(within 6.8 miles)

 1.48125594716×1030kg 1.276464462×1021 C 1.50013×1010 K

128

1.8345986×10−5 s

5.49964348 kilometers

 7.4062797358×1029kg 6.382322312×1020 C 7.500651×109 K

127

9.1729933336×10−6 s

2.74982174 kilometers

 3.7031398679×1029kg 3.191161156×1020 C 3.750325×109 K

126

4.58649664×10−6 seconds

1.37491087 km 103

 1.85156993395×1029kg 1.595580578×1020 C 1.875162×109 K

125

2.29324832×10−6 seconds

687.455439 meters

 9.25784966976×1028kg 7.97790289×1019 C 9.375814×108 K

124

1.14662416×10−6 seconds

343.72772 meters

(about 1128 feet)

 4.62892483488×1028kg 3.9889514456×1019 C 4.68790×108 K

123

5.7331208×10−7 s

171.86386 meters

or about 563 feet 102

 2.31446241744×1028kg 1.9944757228×1019 C 2.343953×108 K

122

2.86656041674×10−7 s

85.9319296 meters 101

 1.15723120872×1028kg 9.972378614×1018 C 1.171976×108K

121

1.43328020837×10−7 s

42.9659648 meters

 5.7861560436×1027kg 4.986189307×1018 C 5.859883×107 K

120

7.16640104186×10−8 s

21.4829824 meters

 2.8930780218×1027kg 2.49309465×1018 C 2.929941×107 K

119

3.58320052093×10−8 s

10.7414912 meters

or 35.24 feet

 1.4465390109×1027kg 1.246547326×1018 C 1.464970×107 K

118

1.7916002×10−8 seconds

5.3707456 meters

 7.23269505448×1026kg 6.232736633×1017 C 7.32485×106K

117

8.95800128×10−9 s

2.6853728 meters or

105.723 inches or about 8′ 3.723″

 3.61634752724×1026kg 3.116368316×1017 C 3.66242×106 K

116

4.47900064×10−9 s

1.3426864 m (100) or 52.86 inches

 1.80817376362×1026kg 1.558184158×1017 C 1.8312137×106 K

115

2.23950032×10−9 s

67.1343176 cm (19.68+ inches)

 9.04086881808×1025kg 7.79092079×1016 C 9.156068×105K

114

1.11975016×10−9 s

33.5671588 centimeters

 4.52043440904×1025kg 3.89546039×1016 C 4.578034×105 K

113

5.5987508×10−10 s

16.7835794 cm (10-1)

 2.26021720452×1025kg 1.947730198×1016 C 2.289017×105 K

112

2.799375×10−10s

8.39178968 cm

(about 3.3 inches)

 1.13010860226×1025kg 9.73865099×1015 C 1.14450×105K

111

1.399687×10−10 seconds

4.19589484 centimeters

 5.65054301132×1024 kg 4.86932549×1015 C 5.722542×104 K

110

6.998438×10−11 seconds

2.09794742 centimeters

 2.82527150566×1024 kg 2.43466274×1015 C 2.861271×104 K

109

3.499219×10−11 seconds

1.04897 centimeters (10-2 m)

 1.41263575283×1024 kg 1.217331373×1015 C 1.430635×104 K

108

1.7496096×10−11 seconds

5.24486856 millimeters or

about 1/4 inch or 5.24×10-3 m

 7.06317876416×1023 kg 6.08665686×1014 C 7.153178×103 K (temperature of Sun: 5778 K)

107

8.7480481×10−12 seconds

2.62243428 millimeters

or 2.62243428×10-3 m

 3.5315893821×1023 kg 3.04332843×1014 C 3.57658932×103 K

106

4.374024×10−12 seconds

1.31121714 millimeters (10-3 m)

 1.7657946910×1023 kg 1.521664217×1014 C 1.788294×103 K

105

2.1870120 ×10−12 s

.655608 millimeters

or 6.55608×10-4 m

 8.8289734552×1022 kg 7.608321086×1013 C 8.941473×102 K

104

1.09350601835 ×10−12 s

.327804284 millimeter

or 3.27804284 ×10-4 m

 4.41448672×1022 kg 3.8041605×1013 C 4.47073×102 K (310K=98.33°F, 36.85° C)

103

5.46753009176 ×10−13 s

.163902142 millimeters

or 1.63902142×10-4 m

 2.2072433638×1022 kg 1.90208027×1013 C 2.235368×102 K

102

2.73376504588×10−13 s

81.9510712 microns

or 81.9510712 ×10-5 m

 1.1036216819×1022 kg 9.510401357×1012 C 1.1176841×102 K

101

1.36688252294×10−13 s

40.9755356 microns

or 4.09755356 ×10-5m

 5.5181084095×1021 kg 4.75520067×1012 C 55.8842081 K

100

6.83441261472×10−14 s

20.4877678 microns

or 2.04877678×10-5m

 2.7590542048×1021 kg 2.3776003394×1012 C 27.94210406 K

99

3.41720630736×10−14 s

10.2438839 microns

or 1.02438839×10-5m

 1.3795271024×1022 kg 1.1888001697×1012 C 13.97105203 K

98

1.70860315368×10−14 s

5.12194196 microns

or .0002+ inches

 6.8976355119×1021 kg 5.94400084×1011 C 6.985526017 K

97

8.5430157684×10−15 s

2.56097098 microns

 3.448817756×1021 kg 2.97200042×1011 C 3.492763008 K

96

 4.2715078842 ×10−15 s

1.28048549 microns

or 1.2804854×10-6m

 1.724408878×1021 kg 1.48600021×1011 C 1.7463815043 K

95

2.1357539421×10−15 s

640.242744 nanometers

6.40242744×10-7m

 8.6220×1020 kg 7.43000106×1010C .87319075217 K

94

1.06787697105 ×10−15 s

320.121372 nanometers (nm) 390-to-700 nm (visible light)

 4.311022195×1020 kg 3.7150005303×1010C .4365953760 K

93

5.33938485524 ×10−16 s

160.060686 nanometers

or 1.60×10-7 m

 2.1555110975×1020 kg 1.85750026515×1010C .2182976880 K

92

2.66969242762 ×10−16 s

80.0303432 nanometers

or 8.00×10-8 m

 1.0777555487×1020 kg 9.28750132576×109C .1091488440 K

91

1.33484621381 ×10−16 s

40.0151716 nanometers

or 4.00×10-8 m

 5.3887777437×1019 kg 4.64375066288×109C .0545744220 K

90

6.67423106904 ×10−17 s

20.0075858 nanometers

or 2.00×10-8 m

 2.6943888719×1019 kg 2.32187533144×109C .0272872110 K

89

3.33711553452 ×10−17 s

1.00037929×10-8 meters

or 10 nanometers

 1.3471944359×1019 kg 1.16093766572×109C .0136436055 K

88

1.668557767 ×10−17 seconds (in the range of the smallest experimental measurement – 2010)

5.00189644×10-9 meters

 6.7359721796×1018 kg 5.8046883286×108C .0068218027 K

87

8.34278883632 ×10−18 seconds

2.50094822 nanometers

or 2.50094822×10-9 m

 3.3679860898×1018 kg 2.9023441643×108C .0034109013 K

86

4.17139441816 ×10−18 s

1.25474112 nanometers

or 1.25×10-9 m

 1.6839930449×1018 kg 1.45117208215×108C .0017054506 K

85

2.08569720908 ×10−18 s

.625237056 nanometers

or 6.25237056×10-10 m

 8.4199652246×1017 kg 7.25586041076×107C .0008527253 K

84

1.04284860454 ×10−18 s

.312618528 nanometers

or 3.12×10-10 m

 4.2099826123×1017 kg 3.62793020538×107C .0004263626 K

83

5.21424302272 ×10−19 s

.156309264 nanometers

or 1.563×10-10 m

 2.1049913061×1017 kg 1.813965102×107C .0002131813 K

82

2.60712151136 ×10−19 s

7.81546348×10-11 m

 1.0524956531×1017 kg 9.069825513×106C .0001065906 K

81

1.30356075568 ×10−19 s

3.90773174×10-11 m

 5.2624782654×1016 kg 4.53491275×106C .0000532953 K

80

6.5178037784 ×10−20 s

1.95386587×10-11 m

 2.6312391327×1016 kg 2.267456378×106C .0000266476 K

79

3.2589018892 ×10−20 s

9.76932936×10-12 m

 1.3156195663×1016 kg 1.133728189×106C .0000133238 K

78

1.6294509446 ×10−20 s

4.88466468×10-12 m

 6.5780978317×1015 kg 5.668640945×105C .0000066619 K

77

8.147254723 ×10−21 s

2.44233234×10-12 m

 3.2890489158×1015 kg 2.834320472×105C .00000333095 K

76

4.0736273615 ×10−21 s

1.22116617×10-12 m

 1.6445244579×1015 kg 1.41716023648×105C .00000166547 K

75

2.03681368075 ×10−21 s

6.10583084×10-13 m

 8.2226222896×1014 kg 7.0858011824×104C .00000083273 K

74

1.01840684038 ×10−21 s

3.05291542×10-13 m

 4.1113111448×1014 kg 3.5429005912×104C .00000041636 K

73

5.09203420188 ×10−22 s

1.52645771×10-13 m

 2.0556555724×1014 kg 1.7714502956×104C .00000020818 K

72

2.54601710094 ×10−22 s

7.63228856×10-14 m

 1.0278277862×1014 kg 8.857251478×103C .00000010409 K

71

1.27300855047 ×10−22 s

3.81614428×10-14 m

 5.139138931×1013 kg 4.428625739×103C .00000005204 K

70

6.36504275236 ×10−23 s

1.90807214×10-14 m

 2.5695694655×1013 kg 2.2143128695×103C .00000002602 K

69

3.18252 ×10−23 seconds

9.540360×10-15 m

 1.28478473275×1013 kg 1.10715643475×103C .00000001301 K

68

1.59126 ×10−23 s

4.770×10-15 m

 6.423923×1012 kg 553.578217376 C .0000006505 K

Transition from Small-Scale Universe to Human-Scale Universe (going up) or from Human Scale to Small Scale Universe (going down)

67

7.95630344044×10−24 s

2.38509018×10-15 m

 3.21196×1012 kg 276.78910 C .00000000325 K

66

3.97815172022 ×10−24 s

1.19254509×10-15 m

 1.60598091594×1012 kg 138.394554344 C (102) 1.62644×10-9 K

65

1.98907586011 ×10−24 s

5.96272544×10-16 m

 8.02990457968×1011 kg 69.197277172 C 8.13222×10-10 K

64

9.94537930 ×10−25 s

2.98136272×10-16 m

 4.01495228984×1011 kg 34.598638586 C 4.06611×10-10 K

63

4.97268965028 ×10−25 s

1.49068136×10-16 m

 2.00747614492×1011 kg 17.299319293 Q (101) 2.03305×10-10 K

62

2.48634482514 ×10−25 s

7.45340678×10-17 m

 1.00373807246×1011 kg 8.64965964648 C 1.01652×10-10 K

61

1.24317241257 ×10−25 s

3.72670339×10-17 m

 5.01869036232×1010 kg 4.32482982324 C 5.08263×10-11 K

60

6.21586206284 ×10−26 s

1.86335169×10-17 m

 2.50934518116×1010 kg 2.16241491162 C 2.54131×10-11 K

59

3.10793103142 ×10−26s

9.31675848×10-18 m

 1.25467259058×1010 kg 1.08120745581 C 1.27065×10-11 K

58

1.55396551571 ×10−26 s

4.65837924×10-18 m

 6.27336295288×109 kg 5.40603727904×10-1C 6.3532×10-12 K

57

7.76982757856 ×10−27 s

2.32918962×10-18 m

 3.13668147644×109 kg 2.70301863952×10-1C 3.1766 ×10-12 K

56

3.88491378928 ×10−27 s

1.16459481×10-18 m

 1.56834073822×109 kg 1.35150931976×10-1C 1.58832×10-12 K

55

1.94245689464 ×10−27 s

5.82297404×10-19 m

 7.84170369112×108 kg 6.7575465988×10-2C 7.94162×10-13 K

54

9.7122844732 ×10−28 s

2.91148702×10-19 m

 3.92085184556×108 kg 3.3787732994×10-2C 3.97081×10-13 K

53

4.8561422366 ×10−28 s

1.45574351×10-19 m

 1.96042592278×108 kg 1.6893866497×10-2C 1.98540×10-13 K

52

2.4280711183 ×10−28 s

7.27871756×10-20 m

 9.80212961392×107 kg 8.44693324848×10-3C 9.9270×10-14 K

51

1.21403555915 ×10−28 s

3.63935878×10-20 m

 4.90106480696×107 kg 4.22346662424×10-3C 4.9635×10-14 K

50

6.07017779576 ×10−29 seconds

1.81967939×10-20 m

 2.45053240348×107 kg 2.11173331212×10-3C 2.48175×10-14 K

49

3.03508889788 ×10−29 seconds

9.09839696×10-21 m

 1.22526620174×107 kg 1.05586665606×10-3C 1.2408×10-14 K

48

1.51754444894 ×10−29 seconds

4.54919848×10-21 m

 6.12633100872×106 kg 5.27933328032×10-4C 6.2043934587 ×10-14 K

47

7.58772224468 ×10−30 seconds

2.27459924×10-21 m

 3.06316550436×106 kg 2.63966664016×10-4C 3.10219672935 ×10-15 K

46

3.79386112234 ×10−30 seconds

1.13729962×10-21 m

 1.53158275218×106 kg 1.31983332008×10-4C 1.55109836468 ×10-15 K

45

1.89693056117 ×10−30 seconds

5.68649812×10-22 m

 7.65791376088×105 kg 6.5991666004×10-5C 7.7554918234 ×10-16 K

44

9.48465280584 ×10−31 seconds

2.84324906×10-22 m

 3.82895688044×105 kg 3.2995833002×10-5C 3.8777459117 ×10-16 K

43

4.74232640292 ×10−31 seconds

1.42162453×10-22 m

 1.91447844022×105 kg 1.6497916501×10-5C 1.93887295585 ×10-16 K

42

2.37116320146 ×10-31 seconds

7.10812264×10-23 m

 9.57239220112104 kg 8.24895825048×10-6C 9.6943647792 ×10-17 K

41

1.18558160073×10−31 seconds

3.55406132×10-23 m

 4.78619610056×104kg 4.12447912524×10-6C 4.8471823896×10-17 K

40

5.92790800364 ×10−32 seconds

1.7770306×10-23 m

 2.39309805028×104 kg 2.06223956262×10-6C 2.4235911948×10-17 K

39

2.96395400182 ×10−32 seconds

 8.88515328×10-24m 1.19654902514×104 kg 1.03111978131×10-6 C 1.2117955974 ×10-17K

38

1.48197700091 ×10−32 seconds

4.44257664×10-24 m

 5.98274512572×103 kg 5.15559890656×10-7 C 6.058977987 ×10-18 K

37

7.40988500456 ×10−33 seconds

2.22128832×10-24m

 2.99137256286×103 kg 2.57779945328×10-7 C 3.0294889935 ×10-18 K

36

3.70494250228 ×10−33 seconds

1.11064416×10-24m

 1.49568628143×103 kg 1.28889972664×10-7 C 1.51474449675 ×10-18 K

35

1.85247125114 ×10−33 s

5.5532208×10-25m

 747.843140716 kg 6.4444986332×10-8 C 7.5737224837 ×10-19 K

34

9.26235625568 ×10−34 seconds

2.7766104×10-25m

 373.921570358 kg 3.2222493166×10-8 C 3.78686124185 ×10-19 K

33

4.63117812784×10−34 seconds

1.3883052×10-25m

 186.960785179 kg (102) 1.6111246583×10-8 C 1.89343062093 ×10-19 K

32

 2.31558906×10−34 seconds

6.94152599×10-26m

 93.4803925896 kg 8.05562329152×10-9 C 9.4671531046 ×10-20 K

31

1.15779453×10−34 seconds

3.47076299×10-26m

 Notation or doubling #31 4.02781164×10-9 C 4.73357655 ×10-20 K

30

5.78897265978 ×10−35 seconds

1.735381494×10-26 m

 23.37 kg 2.01390582288×10-9 C 2.36678827615 ×10-20 K

29

2.89448632989 ×10−35 seconds

8.67690749×10-27 m

 11.685 kg (101) 1.00695291144×10-9 C 1.18339413807 ×10-20 K

28

1.44724316494 ×10−35 seconds

4.3384537×10-27 m

 5.84252453684 kg 5.0347645572×10-10 C 5.9169706903 ×10-20 K

27

7.23621582472 ×10-36 seconds

2.16922687×10-27 m

 2.92126226842 kg 2.5173822786×10-10 C 2.95848534515 ×10-21 K

26

3.61810791236 ×10−36 seconds

1.0846134×10-27 m

 1.46063113421 kg 1.2586911393×10-10 C 1.47924267258 ×10-21 K

25

1.8090539561 ×10−36 seconds

5.42306718×10-28 m

 7.30315567104×10 -1 kg 6.29345569648×10-11 C 7.3962133629 ×10-22 K

24

9.04526978 ×10−37 seconds

2.711533591×10-28 m

 3.65157783552×10 -1 kg 3.14672784824×10-11 C 3.69810668145 ×10-22 K

23

4.5222634 ×10−37 seconds

1.35576679×10-28 m

 1.82578891776×10 -1 kg 1.57336392412×10-11 C 1.84905334073 ×10-22 K

22

2.26131744522 ×10−37 seconds

6.77883397×10-29 m

 9.1289445888×10 -2 kg 7.8668196206×10-12 C 9.2452667036 ×10-23 K

21

1.13065872261 ×10−37 seconds

3.38941698×10-29 meters

 4.5644722944×10 -2 kg 3.9334098103×10-12 C 4.6226333518 ×10-23 K

20

5.65329361306 ×10−38 seconds

1.69470849×10-29 meters

 2.2822361472×10 -2 kg 1.96670490515×10-12 C 2.3113166759 ×10-23 K

19

2.82646806528 ×10−38 seconds

8.47354247×10-30 meters

 1.1411180736×10 -2 kg 9.83352452576×10-13 C 1.15565833795 ×10-23 K

18

1.41323403264 ×10−38 seconds

4.2367712×10-30 m

 5.705590368×10 -3 kg 4.91676226288×10-13 C 5.7782916897 ×10-24 K

17

7.0661701632 ×10−39 seconds

2.11838561×10-30 m

 2.852795184×10 -3 kg 2.45838113144×10-13 C 2.88914584485 ×10-24 K

16

3.530850816 ×10−39 seconds

1.05919280×10-30 m

 1.426397592×10 -3 kg 1.22919056572×10-13 C 1.44457292242 ×10-24 K

15

1.7665425408 ×10−39 seconds

5.29596404×10-31 m

 7.13198796×10 -4 kg 6.1459528286×10-14 C 7.2228646121 ×10-25 K

14

8.832712704 ×10−40 seconds

2.64798202×10-31 m

 3.56599398×10 -4 kg 3.0729764143×10-14 C 3.61143230605 ×10-25 K

13

4.416356352 ×10−40 seconds

1.32399101×10-31 m

 1.78299699×10 -4 kg 1.53648820715×10-14 C 1.80571615303 ×10-25 K

12

2.208178176 ×10 -40 seconds

6.619955×10-32 m

 8.91498496×10 -5 kg 7.68244103576×10-15 9.0285807651 ×10-26 K

11

1.104089088 ×10-40 seconds

3.3099775×10-32 m

 4.45749248×10 -5 kg 3.84122051788×10-15 C 4.51429038255 ×10-26 K

10

5.52044544 ×10-41 seconds

1.65498876×10-32 m

 2.22874624×10 -5 kg 1.92061025894×10-15 C 2.25714519127 ×10-26 K

9

2.76022272 ×10-41 seconds

8.27494384×10-33 m

 1.11437312×10 -5 kg 9.60305129472×10-16 C 1.12857259563 ×10-26 K

8

1.38011136 ×10-41 seconds

4.137471923×10-33 m

 5.5718656×10 -6 kg 4.80152564736×10-16 C 5.6428629781 ×10-27 K

7

6.9005568 ×10−42 seconds

2.0687359616×10-33 m

 2.7859328×10 -6 kg 2.40076282368×10-16 C 2.82143148905 ×10-27 K

6

3.4502784 ×10−42 seconds

1.03436798×10-33 m

 1.3929664×10 -6 kg 1.20038141184×10-16 C 1.41071574453×10-27 K

5

1.7251392 ×10−42 seconds

5.1718399×10-34 meters

 6.964832×10 -7 kg 6.0019070592×10-17 C 7.0535787×10-28 K

4

8.625696 ×10−43 seconds

2.58591995×10-34 meters

 3.482416×10 -7 kg 3.0009535296×10-17 C 3.5267893×10-28 K

3

4.312848 ×10−43 seconds

1.29295×10-34 meters

 1.741208×10 -7 kg 1.5004767×10-17 C 1.76339468×10-28 K

2

2.15642 ×10−43 seconds

6.46479×10-35 meters

 8.70604×10 -8 kg 7.502383×10-18 C 8.8169734×10-29 K

1

1.078212 ×10−43 seconds

3.23239×10-35 meters

4.35302 ×10 -8 kg

3.7511919×10-18 (C)

4.4084867×10-29 K

The First Doubling, also a Cluster, Domain, Group, Layer, Set within a Group, all Base-2 Exponential Notations.

0

5.391 06×10−44 seconds

1.616199×10−35 meters

2.176 5110 -8 kg

1.8755459×10-18 C

1.416 83×1032 K

Planck Time

Planck Length

Planck Mass

Planck Charge

Planck Temperature

_________________

Under length, notations 42 and 43: 43 duplicates 42.

NOTES: There have been many attempts to analyze parts of this chart. The first analysis of all five Planck Base Units is here. It will be an ongoing endeavor for years to come. Further work will be done specifically for business, science, education, and religion (LinkedIn pages of the author).

______________________________________________________________________________________________

REFERENCES:

May 10, 2010: The very smallest unit of controlled or measured time was experimentally demonstrated in Berlin. The result was 1.2 × 10−17 seconds whereas Planck Time is 5.391×10−44 seconds. For more background, see: http://phys.org/news192909576.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_constant

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_units

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine-structure_constant

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity#Dimensionless_physical_constants

http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/constants.html How Many Fundamental Constants Are There? by John Baez, April 22, 2011

http://arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/0512021.pdf

http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0707/0707.0058.pdf

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spacetime-holearg/

PLANCK TEMPERATURE: 1.416 833(85) ×1032

COSMIC BACKGROUND RADIATION: 2.72548 ±0.00057 K

Unit Name Unit Symbol Quantity
Ampere (amp) A Electric current (I)
Volt V Voltage (V, E)Electromotive force (E)Potential difference
Ohm Ω Resistance (R)
Watt W Electric power (P)
Decibel-milliwatt dBm Electric power (P)
Decibel-Watt dBW Electric power (P)
Volt-Ampere-Reactive var Reactive power (Q)
Volt-Ampere VA Apparent power (S)
Farad F Capacitance (C)
Henry H Inductance (L)
siemens / mho S Conductance (G)Admittance (Y)
Coulomb C Electric charge (Q)
Ampere-hour Ah Electric charge (Q)
Joule J Energy (E)
Kilowatt-hour kWh Energy (E)
Electron-volt eV Energy (E)
Ohm-meter Ω∙m Resistivity (ρ)
siemens per meter S/m Conductivity (σ)
Volts per meter V/m Electric field (E)
Newtons per coulomb N/C Electric field (E)
Volt-meter V·m Electric flux (Φe)
Tesla T Magnetic field (B)
Gauss G Magnetic field (B)
Weber Wb Magnetic flux (Φm)
Hertz Hz Frequency (f)
Seconds s Time (t)
Meter / metre m Length (l)
Square-meter m2 Area (A)
Decibel dB
Parts per million ppm
pico p 10-12 1pF = 10-12F
nano n 10-9 1nF = 10-9F
micro μ 10-6 1μA = 10-6A
milli m 10-3 1mA = 10-3A
kilo k 10 3 1kΩ = 1000Ω
mega M 10 6 1MHz = 106Hz
giga G 10 9 1GHz = 109Hz

0 K = -459.67 F 0

168 hours per week times 60 for 10,080 minutes per week times 60 which equals 604,800 seconds per week. Well, what is a second? Is there an equivalent in Planck units? whole number

First draft of this chart was complete at 1:32 PM on Wednesday, February 11, 2015

Now, what’s compelling? What is not?